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Definition
| the scientific study of speech sounds, their form (articulation), substance (acoustic properties), and perception; and the application of this study to a better understanding and improvement of linguistic expression. |
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| people who study phonetics |
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| a major branch of phonetics in which laboratory and field methods are devised and tested. (How can speech be studied) |
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| a major branch of phonetics that deals with speech sound production; also called physiological phonetics. (How are speech sounds produced by speakers of a language?) |
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| a major branch of phonetics dealing with the study of speech sound properties such as frequency, intensity, and duration. (What is the nature of speech sounds that are produced?) |
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| a branch of phonetics that is focused on the psychoacoustic processes of speech. (How are speech sounds perceived by the listener?) |
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| the branch of phonetics dealing with the application of knowledge gleaned from the four major branches of phonetic study |
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| Normative Phonetics (Sub-branch of Applied Phonetics) |
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| establishes standards for appropriate speech |
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| Clinical Phonetics (Sub-branch of Applied Phonetics) |
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Definition
| focuses on the application of phonetic data for the remediation of disordered speech |
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| Linguistic Phonetics (Sub-branch of Applied Phonetics) |
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Definition
| Deals with the analysis of the sound system in Linguistic Phonetics |
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| Historical (or diachronic) Phonetics (Division of Linguistic Phonetics) |
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Definition
| a division of linguistic phonetics in which the development of a language's sound system is traced over time, with emphasis on those factors that influenced the formation of that sound system |
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| Descriptive (or Synchronic) Phonetics (Division of Linguistic Phonetics) |
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Definition
| the sound system of a particular language is studied, usually at one point in its history |
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| Comparative (or Contrastive) Phonetics (Division of Linguistic Phonetics) |
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Definition
| deals with the language correlation of the sound system of one language to that of one or more languages |
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| Dialectology (or Linguistic Geography) (Division of Linguistic Phonetics) |
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Definition
| Deals with the causes and characteristics of dialects |
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Definition
| a variety of spoken language caused by isolation of one group of speakers from another as a result of geographical, social, political, or economic barriers |
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| a geographical boundry that separates a single dialect usage from another |
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| Pragmatic Phonetics (Division of Linguistic Phonetics) |
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| the analysis of purposeful changes made in speech that depend on the situation in which the speech occurs, such as the transcription of speech registers |
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Definition
| International Phonetic Association, also used to refer to the International Phonetic Alphabet |
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| Phonetic Transcription (Division of Linguistic Phonetics) |
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Definition
| a permanent record of speech using phonetic symbols that represent the actual sounds as spoken |
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| Transcriptional Phonetics |
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Definition
| the branch of applied phonetics related to the development and application of phonetic alphabets to the transcription of speech |
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Definition
| general term for any sound, but without reference to any particular language or to the phonemic classification of sound |
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Definition
| an abstract speech sound found in the phonological system of a particular language; a family of speech sounds comprised of allophones that are perceived to be the same speech sound |
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Definition
| a pair of words differing by only one sound in each; the test for determining the phonemics of a language. ie pat &bat differ therefore /p/ & /b/ are distinctive phonemes |
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Definition
| a variant form of a phoneme such as the aspirated /p/ and the unaspiated /p/ spot. ie the word letter where the two t's sound like a /d/, leder |
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Definition
| the study of a sound system of a language |
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| the study of a language within a language |
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Definition
| refers generically to a letter that could be used in any alphabet |
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Definition
| an alphabet letter with al its allographs in a given language |
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Definition
| a variant form of a letter such as A and a |
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| the study of letters in writing and spelling |
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Definition
| the study of the spelling and writing system of a language |
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| a general term referring to units of meaning such as plurality, possession, and tense, without regard to a particular language |
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| a minimally meaningful unit of language. Morphemes are either free or bound, so that cats is comprised of two morphemes, cat (free morpheme) and plural "s" (bound morpheme) |
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| a word in some language consisting of a single morpheme with no affixes (bound morphemes) |
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| word endings, prefixes, and suffixes that are attached to words |
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| a bound morpheme placed at the beginning of a word or before another prefix |
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Definition
| a bound morpheme placed at the end of a word |
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Definition
| a variant of a morpheme such as the voiceless plural marker in cats and he voiced plural marker in dogs |
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Definition
| the study of morphemes in a particular language |
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Definition
| the coarticulatory influence one sound may have on another |
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| Regressive or Backwards Assimilation |
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Definition
| sound that is changed by a following, unchanged sound; the following sound influences the sound before it |
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| Progressive or Forward Assimilation |
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Definition
| The first sound causes a change in the following sound |
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Definition
| adjacent sounds that change to become something different |
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Definition
| the name for the puff of air that accompanies the release of certain speech sounds such as /t/ and /k/ |
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| Complementary Distribution |
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Definition
| the relationship between sounds that can never occur in the same position in words. For example, the aspirated initial /p/ in pie and the unaspirated /p/ in spy cannot change positions and are therefore allophones of the phoneme /p/ that are in complementary distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition when two pronunciations of a phoneme can be used at the same position in a word without changing its meaning, such as the unaspirated but released final position /p/ or the unreleased final /p/ in top |
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