Term
|
Definition
| species develops and slowly changes to new species, linear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolutionary splitting event in which each branch and its smaller branches forms a "clade", an evolutionary mechanism and a process of adaptive evolution that leads to the development of a greater variety of sister organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group of similar fossils whose range of morphological variation does not exceed the range of variation of a closely related living species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| evolutionary sequence or family tree |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
result from anceint ancestory; everyone has doesn't matter if related
ex.5 digits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
result from recent adaptations to specific enviroments
ex.large human brain compared to other primates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
structural similarities arise independently(may not be from common ancestor)
ex.long forarms arose/evolved indepdendently because of arboreal adaptations to feeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
similar enviroments demand similar phenotypic responses
ex.flippers of whales, seals, sea cows are not connected w/ ancestors at all just work well in enviroment |
|
|
Term
| relative dating techniques |
|
Definition
statigraphy:
palynology(pollen)
nitrogen,flourine,uranium(from teeth) |
|
|
Term
| chronometric dating techniques |
|
Definition
radiocarbon (organ material)
potassium-argon (volcanic eruption/something that has been heated)
urinium dating (Europ)
dendrochronology (treerings) |
|
|
Term
| angiosprem radiation theory |
|
Definition
adaptive radiation in concert with radiation of angiosperms(flowering plants)
origin of primates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gorillas, chimps, humans, and common ancestors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| humans and their immediate ancestors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
humerus + radius (arm)/ femur + tibia (legs)
provides info on locomotion
brachiator-105 or above
vertical clinger/leaper- 70 and above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
foramen magnum is under head
spine has two curves(keeps weight on pelvis)
pelvis basin-shaped, liliac blades short/broad
lower limbs
femure angled inward
big toe enlarges/brought inline w/others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erect bipedalism
anterior tooth reduction
effective adjustment to terrestrail enviroment
brain size increase
reduced robusticity
biological solutions replaced by cultural solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shaped like s directly underneath foraman magma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3 bones: Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
support whole body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tailbone; supports weight
**differientiates humans/apes
humans: broader/birth canal
chimp:narrow
a.afarensis-broader |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chimp: thickness is consistent at bas and top of femoral neck
human: knock kneed/angular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
abturator exteinusoriginates at front of pelvis, attahced to back of fermural neck
humans: flattened with grove
angle the femure makes w/ knee:
chimp-90 degrees
human: 110 degrees
lucky: 114-120 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
big toe
in bipeds aligned to "toe-off"
chimp.: is diverged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found homo erectus
pithencanthropus eretus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spain 40,000bp
possible kill site
butcher site of large pleitocene animals(elephants/rhino) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ku grad, anthropologist/artist
recontructs early hominins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mtdna formed into 2 groups:
1. only Africans
2. everyone else in world and Afirica
*more diversity in African groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"eve" theory
"eve" at 200,000bp in africa
modern humans did not evolve slowly in other parts of the world
evolution took place in one area "unity of humans" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regional continuity; opposite of out of Africa
humans evolved slowly in differend parts of the world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Moravia
skin huts,ovens, artofacts or teeth, mammoth jewelry, buried dead, art, venus figurines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
homo or authralopithicus
crude, UNIFACIAL, spheriod |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
h.erectus
BIFACIAL
*symmetrical(suggests mental template/thought)
curated/resharpened(prepared ahead of time)
little or no cortext(reused) |
|
|
Term
| Pleistocene overkill theory |
|
Definition
| humans hunted megafauna to extinciton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
jericho
jarmo,Iraq
catal huyuk, Turkey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Old World:
Mesoptamia
Egypt
Indus River Valley
China
New World:
Perus
Mesoamerica |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
purgatoruis(oldes of Cenozoic era)
adaptive radiation of placental mammals
earliest candidates for primate order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adapis/omomyids (2nd epoch)
"primates of modern aspect"
prosimian like forms
(lemur/tarsier-like) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Apidium/Aeoypotpithecus (3rd epoch)
earliest anthropoids
easlies candidates for hominoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proconsul/Sivapithecus/Gigantopithecus/Orrorin (4th epoch)
anthropoid radiation
hominoid radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Australopithecuse/Kenyapithecus
(5th epoch)
earliest humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
all the Homos (6th epoch)
homo sapiens
neanderthals
flourishing modern humans
extinciton of mega fauna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paleocene
earliest primate candidate
looks like a rat
found in Montana |
|
|
Term
adapis magnus
adapis notharctus |
|
Definition
EOCENE
magnus found in Euro.
nathorctus found in north amer.
like modern lemure
no tooth comb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EOCENE
tarsier-like
larger brain than modern tarsier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OLIGOCENE
primate
ancestor to new world monkeys
dental 2:1:3:3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oligocene
dental of humans 2:1:2:3
mosaic evolution( head is ape/body is monkey) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miocene
found in Africa
apre
y-5 molar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miocene
organg-like
found in Euro/China
mosaic ev |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miocene
found in China/India
largest ape ever, overlap hominins in Asia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Miocene
found in Kenya
5 indivisuals
climbers
live in woodlands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pliocene
Australopithecus africanus
found by Dart
foramen magnum between chimp/human (mosaic evolution) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pliocene
crest in head like gorilla
dish face
brow ridge
huge teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pliocene
found by Lewis/Mary Leakey in Rift Valley
very robust
huge teeth
contriction around eyes(stops jaw muscle from rubbing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pliocene
found by Johanson called Lucy
found in Ethiopia
shows 90,000yrs of little change
large
temporal fossa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pliocene
found by Johanson called Lucy
found in Ethiopia
shows 90,000yrs of little change
large
temporal fossa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pliocene
found in Hadar
biped
woodland area(not savhanna) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pliocene
found in Hadar
like between A.afrarensis and early homo- teeth like early homo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pliocene
found by Meave Leakey
c.c. similar to homo
forest enviroment
not sure where skeleton fits in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleistocene
increase in brain size, large face/teeth, no external nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleistocene
small body
large teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleistocene
1.8mya-200,000bp
acheulian handazes
increase brain
no necks
brow ridges
sagittal keel
external nost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleistocene
found by Dubois
called Java Man
1rs erectus found in Java |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleistocene
h.erectus
40 indivisuals found; concept of homebase;chopping tools; cooking evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleistocene
found in Africa
oldest h.erectus tall/lean (Bergmann’s rule) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pleistocene
most complete hominin found |
|
|
Term
| H. sapiens neanderthalensis |
|
Definition
Pleistocene
(13,000-30,000)
Mousterian tools (Levallois technique) burial (Shanidar Cave, Iraq), hyoid bone(speech) |
|
|
