Term
|
Definition
Loud, High-Pitched, Drum-like
Hollow organ (stomach) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Very loud, booming
Hyperaerated/inflated lungs (asthma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Loud (high amplitude), Low-pitched, hollow
Normal chest wall (aerated lungs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Soft, moderate, thud-like
Consolidation (mucous/fluid-filled lungs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Direct (finger against sinuses)
Indirect aka mediate (tip of dominant middle finger strikes nondominant hand, all wrist action) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
# persons developing disease/total # @ risk
# of specified new events/outbreaks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
# persons w disease/total # in group
# of cases of a disease existing @ a given time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Graves = Standard
Pederson = Small Opening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reveals elevations/indentations
Uses:
Jugular Venous Pulse
Thyroid Gland
Apical Impusle of Heart |
|
|
Term
| Position of Patient and Examiner |
|
Definition
R jug vein- more reliable for estimating venous pressure
R kidney - more palpable
CV System- elevated 30 degress, LLDecub
Aortic regurg- Sit, lean forward, exhale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inc'd arterial pulse, x2 systolic peak
Palpate carotid artery to detect
Peaks = percussion wave, tidal wave
D/t AS/AI, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alternations in Amplitude
L ventricular failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Systolic BP decreases >10mmHg on inspiration
Pericardial Tamponade, pericarditis, obstructive lung dx, pericardial effusion |
|
|
Term
| Water-Hammer (Corrigan) Pulse |
|
Definition
"collapsing pulse"
Greater amplitude, rapid rise to summit, sudden descent
D/t PDA, AI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deep, rapid, labored breathing
Metabolic Acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"inc, dec, apnea"
periodic crescendo/descrendo sequence
child/adult during sleep, drugs, CHF, brain damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ataxic breathing- irregular depth/freq with periods of apnea
inc ICP, drugs, brain damage, resp depress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adults:
W= 1/3-1/2 Circumference; L=2W
Children:
W = 2/3 upper arm/thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rectal = 0.5-1 degree higher than Oral
--> lower in AM
Axillary = 0.5-1 degree lower than Oral |
|
|
Term
| Vaccine for Healthcare Workers |
|
Definition
Too Much HIV
T- tetanus, diptheria, pertussis (TDP)
M- measles, mumps, rubella
H- Hep B
I- Influenza
V- Varicella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Basale= Bottom, lipid prod here
Germainativum = Contains melanocytes
Lucidum = varying thickness, callouses
Corneum = dead cells, waxy skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Determines clubbing (>180 degrees)
"V" when fingertips are pushed together
Cardiac/pulm dz, Downs, IBD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eccrine- wide distrib, thermoreg
Apocrine- axilla, anogenital, open into hair follicles, hormonally reg
-bacterial decomposition--> body odor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
look @ palms, soles, face
Does not change sclera color (vs jaundice)
inc'd ingestion of beta-carotene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Iron overload
slate gray pigmentation
Recessive genetic mutation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transverse white lines, parallel to lunula
Grows out with nails
Chronic As poisoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transverse Depressions
Assc with acute severe illness
Repatic/renal disease, cancer, chemo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Painless, separation of nail plate from nail bed
Psoriasis, hyperthyroid (plummer's nails), trauma, neoplasm, irritants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mostly white, distal band= red-brown
Aging, CHF, cirrhosis, NIDDM |
|
|
Term
| Koilonychia (spoon-shaped) |
|
Definition
Central depression
Chronic iron/B12 deficinecy, congenital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
assymetrical
SBE, vasculitis, microemboli, trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proximal nail bed = white, distal = red
Renal Dz, Azotemia "RA" |
|
|
Term
| Localized Hair Loss (types) |
|
Definition
Noncicatricial: no scarring, no inflam
-alopecia, 2 syphilis, endocrine dz
Cicatricial: inflam, atrophy, irreversible destruct of hail follicles
-pseudopelade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conjunctiva = transparent, thin, vascular, anterior asp eye
palpable (lid) &bulbar (over sclera)
Sclera- dense, avascular (white of eye), posterior aspect of eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Obicularis Oculi- closes- CN 7
Levator palpebra- opens - CN 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medial rectus- adduct, CN3
Lateral rectus- abduct, CN6 (abducens)
Inf rectus- dep, ab, intorsion, CN3
Sup rectus- ele, ab, extorsion, CN3
Inf oblique- extorsion, ele, add, CN3
Sup oblique- intorsion, dep, add, CN4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Posterior = Choroid
Anterior = Ciliary body, iris
-Ciliary body prod aqueous humor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ant 1/6 of globe
Fxn = protective window, allows light to pass, refractive power of eye
CN5- sensitive to touch/pain (sensory)
CN7- blink w incoming object (motor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contractile muscular disc- controls size of pupil
Contains pigment cells- little pigment at birth, all babies have blue eyes til 6 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Light reflex- direct/consensual constrict
-Miosis- constricted
-Mudriasis- enlarged
Near reflex- Accomodation (focusing), convergence, pupillary contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Origin/head of Optic nv, yellow-pink, sharp disc margins
Cup- Funnel-shaped, center of disc, lighter in color, site of a/v
Cup:Disc ration = 0.1-0.5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
No vessels, area of clearing
Center of vision aka fovea
-only cones (depicts color, details)
Rods = remaining retina
-resp for motion, night vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2- optic
3- EOM, elevates lid, pupillary constric, accomodation
4- trochlear, superior oblique
5- corneal reflexes
6- abducens, lateral rectus
7- lacrimal gland, closes lid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Autoimmune, exocrine gland dysfxn
-Xerostomia, Keratoconjunctivitis
-Middle aged females
-CT dzs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Refractor errors
D/t uneven surface of lens |
|
|
Term
| Acute Narrow Angle Glaucoma |
|
Definition
Fluid collects in anterior chamber
Inc intraoccular pressure, PAIN AND REDNESS, h/a, nv
Perform Iridectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Snellen- 20 feet away
Pocket screener- 14 inches away
Confrontation (examiner and pt)- 3 ft
-vision in various quadrants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Area of depressed vision
Physiological scotoma- 15-20 degrees temporal to central fixation
= blind spot, optic nv head, no rods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement
When trying to fixate on moving target
True blindness --> pt will not have OKN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Corneal light reflex, test balance of EOM
Light reflect in center of each cornea
Deviation= strabismus (nonalignment, esotropia=cross-eyed, exotrpia= wall
Ambylopia = lazy eye, eccentric fixation to avoid diplopia, children (reversible til 7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not sensitiv measure of intraocular pressure, can be dangerous --> retinal detachment s/p surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small aperature - undilated pupil
Large aperature- dilated pupil
Fixation aperture- observe eccentric fixation w/o masking macula,
cross hairs- est. amnt of fixation/size of a lesion
Colbalt filter- see fluoresence, visualize corneal lesions (CFC)
Red-free- visualize BVs, hemorrhages, distinguish veins from art
Crossed linear polarizing- elim glare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arteries = 2/3 to 4/5 size of veins w more prominent light reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Light reflex is metallic organ
HTN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
venous stasis --> engorgment and swelling
d/t inc ICP, diabetic retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| Retina inspection/clinical |
|
Definition
Red
Superficial hemorrhages (linear, flame)
Deep hem- sm, round, irreg spots (DM)
Microaneurysms- macular area (DM)
Neovascularization- sm, toturous
White-
Cotton Wool Spots (oval, irreg border, HTN)
Yellow
Hard exudates- creamy/yellow, well defined (DM, HTN)
Drusen (colloid bodies)- yellowish round sports, normal aging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Optic nv dz (retrobulbar neuropathy)
'Swinging flashlight test"
Eyes dilate inappropriately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small, irregular, bilateral
No rxn to light
+ rxn to near vision (constriction w accomodation not light)
CNS syphilis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Large, regular, usually unilateral
Light rxn dec/absent
Near rxn delayed
Middle-aged females, unknown cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anhydrosis, Miosis, ptosis
Normal rxn to light, near vision
Iris of involved side may be lighter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chalazion = painless, inflam of meibomiam gland, protrudes on underside of lid
Stye (Hordeolum)- painful, infection around hair follicle, on lid margin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Normal degredation of conjunctiva
White-yellow, slightly raised, triangular plaque
Does not cross cornea, does not effect vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abnl fibrous/vascular growth of conjunctiva
Extends over cornea from limbus
May cause astigmatism/dec'd vision |
|
|
Term
| Clinical Correlations of cornea |
|
Definition
Arcus senilis- white-grey ring at perimeter
-normal aging/hyperlipidemia
Kayser-Fleisher ring- green-yellow
-copper deposits, think Wilsons dz
Cataracts- fibrous growth with age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
External - Helix, ext auditory canal
Middle- TM, ossicles, eustacian tube
Inner- oval window, cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals
Semicirc - balance, equillibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Separates external and middle ear
-Concave, translucent, tense/flaccid parts, normally gray in color
-Bulging TM
Redness --> infection
No redness --> fluid, improper draining of eustacian tube into nasopharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Soundwaves vibrate TM --> ossicles (MIS) --> oval window --> inner ear
Endolymph fluid vibrates in cholea, moves hair in organ of corti --> stimulates CN8
Vibrations disappate via round window |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Starts- thick (high freq/tones)
Spirals inward- thin (low freq/tones)
With age- degen of hairs -> sensorineural loss (high then low)
Also, Straie vascularis of cochlea atrophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dec activity of sebaceous glands -> dry cerumen -> obstruct ext auditory canal
Sclerotic TM
Calcification of ossicle chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Maxillary/ethmoid present @ birth (small)
Frontal develops by 7-8
Sphnoid fully develop in puberty
Only maxillary and frontal accessible for examination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Whisper Test (1-2 feet away)
Weber (lateralization)
-Conduction: lat to occluded ear
-Sensorineural: lat to unaffected ear
Rinne (A:B norm 2:1)- 1-2 cm from canal
-Conductive: BC>AC or BC=AC
-Sensorineural: AC>BC, both impaired
Schwabach- bone condiction- alternate turning fork against pt/examiner's mastoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Low set auricle - renal d/o, chromosomal abormalities
-Pinna pull- pain indicates inflam of ext canal
-Mastoiditis- Secondary to AOM -> brain infection, perm hearing loss
Speculum- 1.0-1.5cm, staighten canal
-Child = pull auricle down and back
-Adult = up and back
Elderly- presbycusis (sensorineural loss), mold, etc. behind hearing aid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neonates- limited mobility, dullness, opacity or pink/red TM
(vs adults = mobile, grey, pearly, translucent)
Red TM (use pneumatic attachment)
-Crying -> dilation of BVs, still mobile
-Disease -> red and immobile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
External- initial itching, intense pain (w chewing), watery/foul dsch, Canal= red w edema, Gram -s, fungi
Media- intial fever/blockage, deep earache, foul dsch if TM perf'd, TM = red, bulging, assc w URI (h flu, s pneumo, moraxella)
Serous- Cracking/popping, feeling of fullness, no dsch, TM=retracted, yellow, bubbling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Eroding cyst with keratinizing epith
Invades middle ear, may erode temporal bone
White, shiny, greasy flecks
Foul-smelling dsch if perf'd
d/t congenital or chronic infect
Progressive hearing loss, fullness, tinnitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Affects vestibular labyrinth-> Sensorineural loss
Disabling vertigo, sxs occur episodically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
union of small fragile veins/arteries
anterior (1/3), superior asp of septum
Most common site of nosebleeds -> cauterize |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Soft bony structures, covered by vascular membrane
Lateral wall of nose, pink-orange
-vs polp = pale, white, fleshy, boggy
-allergy = bluegray/pale pink, swollen
Inc SA of nose to warm, filter air
Only inf/middle visible on exam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sampter's Syndrome:
Asthma, ASA sensitivity, Nasal polyps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"tongue-tied", short frenulum
Surgical correction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Taste:
7= Ant 2/3 (chorda tympani)
9= Post 1/3, also gag reflex
Motor = CN 12 |
|
|
Term
| Papillae, dorsal surface of tongue |
|
Definition
Circumvallate- "V" largest 10
Foliate- lateral edges, ant to circ.
Filiform- most common, no taste buds, leaf-life -> hairy tongue w elongation
Fungiform- tips/sides of tongue, look like mushroom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sweet- Anterior
Salty- Lateral Margins
Sour- Posterior/Lateral Asp
Bitter- Posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Crown/Root
Enamel- calcified covering
Dentin- bulk of tooth, softer layer
C-pulp- vascular supply, nv innveration (5)
Cementum- covers root, attachs to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palantine Tonsils "Ah"
Adenoids (posterior asp nasopharynx)
Lingual tonsils (post 1/3 tongue)
Grade size 1+ to 4+ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Osler Weber Rendu
-Autosomal Dominant Condition
-Telangiectasia of lips/mouth
Peutx-Jaegers Syndrome
-Melanin Deposits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st = traumatic ulcer (biting)
2nd = aphthough ulcer (canker sore)- white w red border
Heal 2-3 wks w/o scarring |
|
|
Term
| Salivary Gland Correlations |
|
Definition
-Parotitis- Mumps-> Bells Palsy (CN7)
-Pleomorphic Adenoma- benign tumors of parotid/neck region
-Lymphoma- Hodgkin's can affect parotid
-Salivary gland stone- may lodge in duct
-Sialadenitis- bacterial infect (stone/gland hyposecretion) |
|
|
Term
| Examination of Mouth/Tongue |
|
Definition
Pharyngitis
-Viral -> erythema, vascularization
-Bacterial -> more exudates
Fissured tongue- Downs, xerostomia
Strawberry tongue- Bacterial infection
Glottits- d/t vitamin defincincies
Macroglossia- Downs/genetic
85% of CA are located on lateral margins of tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dentures, pregnancy (engorgement), Dilantin (seizure rx) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperplastic sebaceous glands
Clusters of small, yellow raised lesions
Normal aging
Seen on buccal mucosa opposite molars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AIDs, ABX use
Burning areas!
White pseudomembrane, resembles milk curd
Can Scape off! -> raw, may bleed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Painless, white area
Men >40, smoking, AIDs, alcohol, dip
Hyperkeratinized, CANNOT SCRAPE OFF! |
|
|
Term
| Predictors of Beta-Hemolytic Strep |
|
Definition
Tonsillar swelling-1
Cervical adenopathy-1
Scarlantiniform rash-2
no coryza-1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Submandibular space infection
Acute cellulitis of soft tissue below mouth
Assc with piercings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sutures ossify- age 6-18
Fontanels close- age 2mo - 2 yrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Single, supraclavicular (esp on L)
Gi Cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
<20 y/o - thyroglossal duct cyst
20-40- thyroid dz, lymphoma
>40 - malignancy
Midline- benign/congenital
Lateral- worry about CA
-exception = brachial cleft cyst (benign, painless) |
|
|
Term
| 3 Neck Cysts + 1 Other correlation |
|
Definition
Thyroglossal duct cyst- mobile, painless, high in neck midline. from decent of gland from tongue to neck.
Branchial Cleft Cyst- remnant 2nd branchial cleft, most common congenital lesion in adults, painless, oval, upper 1/3 SCM, assc with fistula
Cystic hygroma- malformed lymphatic channels, appears in children before 2, assc w Down's, Turners
Torticollis- wry neck, overstretching (trauma, birth inj) Head tilted, neck twisted twd contralateral SCM musc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tracheal Tug- slight upward move, 1-2mm
Fixed in mediastinum (neoplasm, TB)
Doward Tugging (aortic aneurysm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thyroid cartilage should move up w swallowing (subcut far mimicking goiter does not move)
If enlarged -> auscultate for bruits (thick toxic goiter)
Rarely feel thyroid gland in normal state
W age-> fibrotic-> nodular/irregular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypercortisolism (ACTH-prod adenoma)
Truncal obesity, buffalo hump
Moon face, Hirsutism
Purple striae, thin skin, easy brusing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NOT A DZ... dz state
seen w glomerula dz
Massive renal loss of protein
(proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia)
Edema, especially in face (periorbital) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Trisomy 21
Close set eyes, heavy lids
Macroglossia
Fissured Tongue
Septal defects- correct en urtero
Cystic Hygroma (malformed lymph channels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Form of hypothyroid
Mucinous edema, glycosaminoglycan deposition
Buildup in Subcut tissues
Dull, puffy, yellow skin- waxy look
Coarse, sparse hair
Temporal loss of eyebrows
Periorbital edema, prominent tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chronic autoimmune
Most common type of hypothyroidism in US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nodular goiter
Insidious Onset
<10% of all hyperthyroid (no state, no exophthalmous)
Not related to autoimmunity
Lid lag, lid retraction, freq AFib, CHF,onycholysis |
|
|
Term
| Lung borders with movement |
|
Definition
Apicies- rise 4 cm above 1st rib (T1)
Base- T12 on inspiration, T9 on expiration
Trachea bifurcates @ T4-5
-R main= shorter, straighter, wider |
|
|
Term
| Most common sx of lung disease |
|
Definition
Cough [GAP- gerd, asthma, PND]
Chronic cough, most common cause = smoking
Psychogenic cough- diagnosis of exclusion, emotional stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Productive - infectious/inflammatory
Dry- medications (ACEI)
Barking- coup, pertussis
Morning cough- smokers (lungs attempting to clear themselves) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uninfected- mucoid, odorless, transparent to white-gray
-d/t inflam process (asthma, tumors, TB, chronic bronchitis)
Infected- Purulent, yellow, green, red w pus
-Lung abscess, pneumonia, acute bronchitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Must distringuish from hematemesis
Most common cause = Bronchitis (ACUTE viral infection of lungs)
Other causes= bronchiectasis, bronchogenic carcinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Subjective sensation of SOB
-Differentiate from tachypnea
Quantify - 6 min walk test, # pillows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PND- Sudden onset SOB s/p sleep, sitting upright = helpful
Orthopnea- SOB when lying flat
Platypnea- SOB when sitting up
Treponea- Most comfy when lying on side
-neurological causes, pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
San Joaquin Valley
Coccidiomycosis Posada's dz
Inhalation of dust/soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HIDDM
Histoplasmosis
Inhale of bird droppings, dust, soil
Darling's Disease
Midwest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bacterial (Chlamydia) infection spread by psittacien birds
Flu-like sx -> Bronchopneumonia
Southeastern US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Sibilant wheeze"
Continuous, high-pitched
Musical sound, whistle-like
Heard on Inspiration or Expiration
D/t high velocity flow thru obstructed airway
Assc with asthma, chronic bronchitis, CHF, foreign body, tumor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Harsh, high-pitched, windlike
Noisy breathing, on inspiration
Obstruction of a major bronchus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generalized edema (grade edema 1-4, pitting/non-pitting, location) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prolonged, inefficient expiratory effort
D/t obstructiive disease
Increased residual volumes in lung -> dec tidal volume |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Thoracic Expansion |
|
Definition
Level of 10th ribs, pull skin toward midline
Have pt inhale deeply
Note symmetry of hand movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"99" -> vibrations felt when speaking
Solid structures have strong vibrations
Inc TF -> consolidation, pneumona
Dec TF->
-Unilateral- pneumo, PE, bronchial obstruct, atelectasis
-Bilat- COPD (overexpansion), chest wall thickening (musc, fat) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Use percussion
Difference in postion btwn inspiration and expiration
Norm = 3-5cm
-Dec in emphysema, abd tumor/ascites, fx rib
-Absent w phrenic nv palsy
Diaphragm = higher on R d/t liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bell = Low pitched sounds, apply loosely, bruits
Diaphragm = high-pitched sounds
-Better for listening to lungs
Soft sounds "distant" - COPD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-1:1 inspiration = expiration
-Over main bronchus (L/R hilar)
-Posterior upper R lung field
-Medium pitch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What you primarily hear
Over parenchyma
Low pitch, soft and short expirations
More prominent in thin/child
Dimished in fat/muscular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blowing across mouth of bottle
Large, stiff-walled pulm cavity OR
Tension pneumothorax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Discrete, short, discontinuous
Non-musical
Mostly on INspiration
Produced by fluid inside a bronchus (collapse of distal airways, alveoli)
Fine-high pitched, smaller airways
Coarse- low pitched, larger airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Sonorous wheezes"
Prolonged, continous, deeper, rumbling
Musical sounds
Heard during expiration
D/t airflow through narrowed bronchi
Rhonchi disappear after coughing (clear secretions), rales do not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dullness to percussion
Late crackles
Inc'd bronchial breath sounds (air not moving in that region)
Inc'd tactile fremitus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dullness to percussion
Decreased/absent breath sounds (air not moving into bronchioles/alveoli, compressed by fluid)
Dec'd tactile fremitis (scream under water -> cannot hear)
Superior to effusion
-Bronchophony
-Whispered pectoriloquy
-Egophony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dry, crackly, low-ptiched sound
Prod by motion of pleura (impeded by frictional resistance)
Similar sound to crackles, diff pathology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"Hamman sign"
w mediastinal emphysema/pneumo-medistinum
crackles, click, gurgling, rasping
Synchronous with heartbeat, not neccesarily respirations |
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Term
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Definition
Inc'd transmission of spoken words
Heard w consolidation of lungs
Test: pt says "99" |
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Term
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Definition
Spoken: Eeeee
Sounds like: Ayyy
Nasal quality
Heard in areas of consolidated lung tisue (area above PE) |
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Term
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Definition
Intensification of whispered word
Heard w lung consolidation
Test: pt whispers "1-2-3", examiner auscultates over susp consolidation
-Normal - little to nothing hear
-Pneumonia, infarc, pulm atelectasis |
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Term
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Definition
Incomplete expansion/Collapse of lung
Affected area = airless
Dec'd fremitus
Dullness to percussion
Absent breath sounds over affected area |
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