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Definition
| The supporting cells of the CNS. It glues the CNS together, insulates neurons, act as housekeeper removing dead neurons, and surroung neurons and hold them in place. |
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| What are the three most important glial cells? |
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Definition
| astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia |
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Definition
| A glial cell that provides support for neurons of the CNS, provides nutrients and other substances, and regulates the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid. |
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| What does astrocyte mean? |
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Definition
| "star cell"- accurately describing the shape of these cells |
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| The process by which cells engulf and digest other cells or debris caused by cellular degeneration |
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| A type of glial cell in the central nervous system that forms myelin sheaths. |
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Definition
| A sheath that surrounds axons and insulates them, preventing messages from spreading between adjacent axons. |
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Definition
| A naked portion of a myelinated axon between adjacent oligodendroglia or Schwann cells. |
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Definition
| The smallest of the glial cells; act as phagocytes and protect the brain from invading microorganisms. They are primarily respnosible for the inflammatory reaction in response to brain damage |
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Definition
| A cell in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) thats is wrapped around a myelinated axon, providing one segment of its myelin sheath |
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Definition
| A semi-permiable barrier between the blood and the brain produced by the cells in the walls of the brain's capillaries. |
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Definition
| A region of the medulla where the blood-brain barrier is weak; poisons can be detected there and can initiate vomiting. |
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Definition
| a conductive medium that can be used to apply electrical stimulation or to record electrical potentials. |
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Definition
| A very fine electrode, generally used to record activity of individual neurons. |
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Definition
| The electrical charge across a cell membrane; the difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell. |
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Definition
| A laboratory instrument that is capable of displaying a graph of voltage as a function of time on the face of a cathode ray tube. |
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Definition
| The membrane potential of a neuron when it is not being altered by excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; approx. -70 mV in the giant squid axon. |
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Definition
| Reduction (toward zero) of the membrane potential of a cell from its normal resting potential. |
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Definition
| An increase in the membrane potential of a cell; relative to the normal resting potential |
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Definition
| The brief electrical impulse that provides the basis for conduction of information along an axon |
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Definition
| The value of the membrane potential that must be reached to produce an action potential |
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Definition
| Movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration. |
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Definition
| An aqueous solution of a material that ionizes-- namely, a soluble acid, base, or salt. |
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Definition
| A charged molecule. Cations are positively charged, and anions are negatively charged. |
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Definition
| The attractive force between atomic paticles charged with opposite signs or repulsive force between atomic particles charged with the same sign. |
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| Sodium-potassium Transporter |
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Definition
| A protein found in the membrane of all cells that extrudes sodium ions from and transports potassium ions into the cell. |
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Definition
| A specialized protein molecule that permits specific ions to enter or leave cells. |
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Term
| Voltage-dependent Ion Channel |
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Definition
| An ion channel that opens or closes according to the value of the membrane potential. |
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Definition
| The principle that once an action potential is triggered in an axon; it is propagated, without decrement, to the end of the fiber. |
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Definition
| The principle that variations in the intensity of a stimulus or other information being transmitted in an axon are represented by variations in the rate at which that axon fires. |
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Definition
| The passive conduction of electrical current, in a decremental fashion, down the length of an axon. |
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Term
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Definition
| COnduction of action potentials by myelinated axons. The action potential appears to jump from one node of Ranvier to the next. |
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Definition
| Alterations in the membrane potential of a postsynaptic neuron, produced by liberation of neurotransmitter at the synapse. |
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Definition
| The location on a receptor protein to which a ligand binds |
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Definition
| A chemical that binds with the binding site of a receptor |
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Definition
| A small bud on the surface of a dendrite, with which a terminal button of another neuron forms a synapse. |
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Definition
| The membrane of a terminal button that lies adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane and through which the neurotransmitter is released. |
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Definition
| The cell membrane opposite the terminal button in a synapse; the membrane of the cell that receives the message. |
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Definition
| The space between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane |
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Definition
| A small, hollow, beadlike structure found in terminal buttons; contains molecules of a neurotransmitter. |
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Definition
| A region of the interior of the presynaptic membrane of a synapse to which synaptic vesicles attach and release their neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. |
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Term
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Definition
| A region of the interior of the presynaptic membrane of a synapse to which synaptic vesicles attach and release their neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. |
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