Term
The actions of the kidney include regulation of
A. blood plasma pH.
B. blood plasma volume.
C. blood plasma electrolyte concentration.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
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Term
. The renal pelvis receives urine from the
A. minor calyces.
B. ureters.
C. renal pyramids.
D. major calyces. |
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Definition
|
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Term
. Damage to __________ neurons would impair micturition.
A. parasympathetic
B. sympathetic
C. somatic motor
D. association |
|
Definition
|
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Term
________ are composed of crystals and proteins that grow until they break loose and pass into the urine collection system.
A. Renal columns
B. Renal calculi
C. Renal calyces
D. Renal pyramids |
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Definition
|
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Term
Shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat
A. polycystic kidney disease.
B. glomerulonephritis.
C. acute renal failure.
D. renal calculi. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Incontinence could develop as a result of
A. pressure on the detrusor muscle.
B. poor bladder compliance.
C. damage to the external urethral sphincter.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
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Term
The __________ is the functional unit of the kidney.
A. calyx
B. nephron
C. neuron
D. medulla |
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Definition
|
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Term
The __________ is a capillary network that produces a blood filtrate that enters the urinary tubules.
A. vasa recta
B. peritubular capillary
C. glomerulus
D. interlobar capillary |
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Definition
|
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Term
. _______________ is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in which progressive renal failure develops due to expanded portions of the renal tubule.
A. Glomerulonephritis
B. Renal calculus
C. Polycystic kidney disease
D. Pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| C. Polycystic kidney disease |
|
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Term
The _______________ nephrons play an important role in producing concentrated urine.
A. juxtamedullary
B. cortical
C. pelvic
D. calical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What structure is an arteriole capillary bed - drained by an arteriole instead of a venule?
A. peritubular capillaries
B. vasa recta
C. glomerulus
D. juxtaglomerular apparatus |
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Definition
|
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Term
Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures?
A. distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule
B. proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle
C. Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
D. loop of Henle, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule |
|
Definition
| C. Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule |
|
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Term
. The ability of the kidneys to maintain a relatively constant GFR despite fluctuating blood pressures is called
A. renal plasma threshold.
B. renal transport maximum.
C. renal plasma clearance.
D. renal autoregulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Glomerular filtration would be decreased by
A. increased plasma protein concentration.
B. increased glomerular filtrate protein concentration.
C. decreased glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
D. increased mean arterial pressure. |
|
Definition
| C. decreased glomerular hydrostatic pressure. |
|
|
Term
The obligatory water loss needed to excrete metabolic wastes is _____ per day.
A. 300 mL
B. 400 mL
C. 600 mL
D. 800 mL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. Inhibition of the functions of the descending limb of the loop of Henle would stimulate
A. decreased water reabsorption.
B. increased Na+ reasbsorption.
C. decreased Na+ reabsorption.
D. increased water reabsorption. |
|
Definition
| A. decreased water reabsorption. |
|
|
Term
The concentration of renal filtrate is highest in the
A. proximal convoluted tubule.
B. base of the Loop of Henle.
C. distal convoluted tubule.
D. cortical portion of the collecting duct. |
|
Definition
| B. base of the Loop of Henle. |
|
|
Term
. Countercurrent multiplication occurs by the actions of the
A. vasa recta.
B. peritubular capillaries.
C. loop of Henle.
D. Both vasa recta and loop of Henle are correct. |
|
Definition
| D. Both vasa recta and loop of Henle are correct. |
|
|
Term
. _________ is a nonsalt molecule that contributes to the hypertonicity of the interstitial fluid of the renal tubules.
A. Urea
B. Protein
C. Creatinine
D. Xenobiotic molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Urea transport in the collecting duct is a(n) __________ process.
A. active
B. passive
C. exocytosis
D. endocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Tubular ultrafiltrate enters the collecting duct from the
A. glomerulus.
B. loop of Henle.
C. distal convoluted tubule.
D. proximal convoluted tubule. |
|
Definition
| C. distal convoluted tubule. |
|
|
Term
Antidiuretic hormone
A. stimulates water reabsorption by the kidney.
B. induces fusion of aquaporin containing vesicles with the plasma membrane.
C. is secreted in response to dehydration.
D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
Definition
| D. All of the choices are correct. |
|
|
Term
. If the rate of urine formation is 2 ml/min, the urine inulin concentration is 25 mg/ml, and the plasma inulin concentration 0.5 mg/ml, then the GFR is
A. 0.04 mL/min.
B. 100 mL/min.
C. 6.25 mL/min.
D. None of the choices are correct. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. Decreased glomerular filtration rate would
A. increase plasma protein clearance rate.
B. increase plasma urea clearance rate.
C. decrease plasma creatinine clearance rate.
D. decrease plasma glucose clearance rate. |
|
Definition
| C. decrease plasma creatinine clearance rate. |
|
|
Term
The main region of aldosterone action is the
A. distal convoluted tubule.
B. proximal convoluted tubule.
C. medullary collecting duct.
D. cortical collecting duct. |
|
Definition
| D. cortical collecting duct. |
|
|
Term
. Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond to decreased blood volume and increased sympathetic nerve activity by secreting
A. renin.
B. inulin.
C. angiotensinogen.
D. natriuretic hormone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by a(n) ____ in blood Na+ or a(n) ___ in blood K+.
A. increase, decrease
B. increase, increase
C. decrease, increase
D. decrease, decrease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. The conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II occurs primarily in the
A. liver.
B. adrenal cortex.
C. kidneys.
D. lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
. In response to alkalosis
A. the kidney maximally reabsorbs bicarbonate.
B. the kidney excretes bicarbonate.
C. excess H+ enters the tubular filtrate.
D. tubular carbonic anhydrase is inhibited. |
|
Definition
| B. the kidney excretes bicarbonate. |
|
|
Term
Loop diuretics such as Lasix
A. inhibit the actions of ADH.
B. add extra solutes to the filtrate.
C. inhibit active transport of salt out of the ascending loop of Henle limb.
D. inhibit salt transport in the first section of the distal convoluted tubule. |
|
Definition
| C. inhibit active transport of salt out of the ascending loop of Henle limb. |
|
|
Term
Renal insufficiency
A. stimulates metabolic alkalosis.
B. often results from dialysis.
C. may occur as a result of arteriosclerosis.
D. stimulates hypokalemia |
|
Definition
| C. may occur as a result of arteriosclerosis. |
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