Term
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Definition
Birth-2 years
Based on physical interactions and experiences. Infants cannot predict reaction and therefore use trial and error. Object permanence occurs at 7-9 months. Infants realize that an object exists after it can no longer be seen. |
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Term
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Definition
2-7 years
During this stage children begin to use language; memory and imagination also develop. Children engage in make believe and can understand and express relationships between the past and the future. |
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Term
Piaget
Concrete Operational |
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Definition
7-11 years
Intellectual development in this stage is demonstrated through the use of logical and systematic manipulation of symbols, which are related to concrete objects. Thinking becomes less egocentric with increased awareness of external events, and involves concrete references. |
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Term
Piaget
Formal Operational |
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Definition
Adolescence-Adulthood
Adolescents and adults use symbols related to abstract concepts. Adolescents can think about multiple variables in systematic ways, can formulate hypotheses, and think about abstract relationships and concepts. |
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Term
| 3 main elements of Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory |
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Definition
1) Schema
2) The four processes that enable the transition from one stage to another (assimilation, accommodation, disequilibrium, and equilibration)
3) The 4 stages of Cognitive Development (Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational) |
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Term
Piaget
The four processes that enable the transition from one cognitive stage to another are: |
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Definition
1) Assimilation
2) Accommodation
3) Disequilibrium
4) Equilibration |
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Term
Piaget
Define: Assimilation |
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Definition
| Assimilation is the process of taking in new information and fitting it into a preconceived notion about objects or the world. |
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Term
Piaget
Define: Accommodation |
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Definition
| Accommodation is the process of adjusting to new experiences or objects by revising the old plan to fit new information. |
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Term
Piaget
Define: Disequilibrium |
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Definition
| Disequilibrium is a state of confusion, dissonance, or discomfort when new information does not integrate within existing structures. This confusion motivates us to achieve the new challenge and to restore balance between assimilation and accommodation, which when achieved, is equilibration. |
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Term
Piaget
Define: Equilibration |
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Definition
| Equilibration is the balance between the processes of assimilation and accommodation. It is the force that drives the learning process to restore balance by mastering the new challenge (information) presented. |
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