Term
| green algae called charophytes |
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Definition
| what is the closest relative of land plants? |
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Term
- rosette-shaped cellulose synthesizing complexes
- peroxisome enzymes
- unique sperm structure
- formation of a phragmoplast
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Definition
| what 4 traits of land plants are shared with charophytes? |
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Term
| rosette-shaped cellulose synthesizing complexes |
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Definition
| these circular petal shaped complexes are located in plasma membrane and synthesize cellulose in cell wall of plants |
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Term
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Definition
| these help minimize loss of organic products in plants |
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Term
phragmoplast
cell plate develops in middle giving rise to cell walls between nuclei |
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Definition
| group of microtubules that forms between daughter nuclei of a dividing cell |
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Term
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Definition
| a durable polymer that prevents exposed zygotes from drying out |
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Term
- apical meristems
- internally protected zygote
- alternation of generation
- sporopollenin covering spores
- multicellular gametangia
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Definition
| 5 defining characteristics of plants |
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Term
| alternation of generation |
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Definition
| the alternation between multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages |
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Term
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Definition
| named for it production of haploid gametes by mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| "spore producing plant" that is multicellular and diploid |
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Term
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Definition
| reproductive cells that can develop into a new haploid organism |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized cells in the embryo that enhance the transfer of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| land plants that are multicellular and have dependent embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| the sporophyte's multicellular organs that produce spores |
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Term
| sporocytes "spore mother cells" |
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Definition
| diploid cells with in a sporangium undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores |
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Term
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Definition
| multicellular organs that produce gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| female gametangia that is pear-shaped and produces a single non-motile egg |
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Term
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Definition
| male gametangia that produces sperm and releases them to the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| localized regions of rapid cell division at the tips of shoots and roots |
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Term
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Definition
| a covering of plants which consists of polyester and wax polymers that prevents the plant from drying out |
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Term
secondary compounds
- alkaloids
- terpenes
- tannins
- phenolics- flavonoids
- spices medicines and other products
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Definition
| land plants produce these molecules as a product of a secondary metabolic pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| this secondary compound protects plants against harmful UV radiation |
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Term
| alkaloids terpenes and tannins |
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Definition
| this secondary compound has a bitter taste, strong odor or toxic effect against herbivores and other predators |
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Term
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Definition
| extensive system of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients through out the plant |
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Term
non vascular plants (bryophytes)
includes liverworts hornworts and mosses |
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Definition
| these plants do not have an extensive vascular system |
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Term
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Definition
| plants with a complex vascular tissue system that account for 93% of all plants |
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Term
seedless vascular plants
paraphyletic |
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Definition
| lycophyte and pterophyte that lack seeds belong to this group |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of organisms that share a common level of biological organization or adaptations. can be misleading |
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Term
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Definition
| embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients and a protective coat |
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Term
vascular seed plants
gymnosperms
angiosperms |
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Definition
| group of plants classified by absence of presence of enclosed chambers for seeds to mature |
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Term
gymnosperms
conifers, ginkgo, cycads, gnetophytes |
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Definition
| "naked seed" group of plants that have a seed not enclosed in a chamber |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
angiosperm
90% of all living plants |
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Definition
| huge clade of all flowering plants where seed develops in ovaries that eventually become fruit. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| these plants lack vascular tissue, are small, the gametophyte is dominant and sperm is flagellated |
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Term
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Definition
| xylem, phloem, roots, stems and lignin all make up the______ |
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Term
protonema
"buds" have apical meristem |
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Definition
| part of bryophyte gametophyte that is one celled, thick, and has a large surface area that enhances absorption of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| gamete producing structure that has apical meristem in a bryophyte gametophyte |
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Term
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Definition
| Sphagum is commonly referred as_______ |
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Term
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Definition
| this plant is not a moss b/c its a flowering plant |
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Term
Bisexually- mainly sexual
sperm swims down archegonia (female) to fertilize egg
can reproduce asexually |
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Definition
| how do bryophytes commonly reproduce? |
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Term
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Definition
| small plantlets that detach from parent moss and grow into a clone of the parent are known as_____ |
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Term
sporophyte
consists of foot, seta, and sporangium
also hornwort and moss sporophytes are larger and more complex |
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Definition
| this structure of a bryophyte is on top of the gametophyte and cannot live independently. it absorbs nutrients from parent gametophyte. |
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Term
rhizoids
not composed of tissues
lack cells for absorption of nutrients |
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Definition
| long tubular single cells or filaments that anchor the gametophyte in bryophyte |
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Term
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Definition
| in bryophytes, this structure consists of a protonema and a gametopore. it is dominant and ais anchored by rhizoids |
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Term
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Definition
| in the bryophyte sporophyte this structure is embedded in the archegonia and absorbs nutrients from the gametophore |
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Term
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Definition
| in the bryophyte sporophyte, this structure is the stalk that conducts nutrients to the sporangium |
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Term
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Definition
| in bryophytes this structure uses nutrients to produce spores through meiosis- 50 million |
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Term
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Definition
| in bryophytes this tooth like structure in the upper capsule opens when dry and closes when moist in hopes for wind dispersal of spores. |
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Term
stomata
closes when hot to prevent water loss |
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Definition
| found in vascular plants as well as hornworts and mosses, these specialized pores allows exchange of CO2 and O2 with the sporophyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| non vascular plant that is common and diverse, found in moist wet lands, some bare sandy soil some extreme environments (desert tundra). also can survive extreme dessication |
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Term
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Definition
| this region has low temp, pH, and O2 inhibit decay and can preserve corpses |
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Term
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Definition
| partially decayed organic matter that is a great fuel source, soil conditioner and carbon reservior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| this protein is a portion of vascular tissue that is a complex hydrocarbon. this allowed plants to grow tall |
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Term
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Definition
| cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic molecules in vascular plants |
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Term
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Definition
| this structure conducts most of the water and mineral in vascular plants |
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Term
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Definition
| these tube shaped cells carry water and minerals up from roots and are part of the xylem |
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Term
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Definition
| this is another name for vascular plants |
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Term
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Definition
| these organs absorb water and nutrients from the soil. also anchors vascular plants |
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Term
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Definition
| photosynthetic organs that increase surface area in vascular plants. classified as microphylls or megaphylls |
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Term
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Definition
| small, usually spine-shaped leaves supported by a single strand of vascualr tissue. only in lycophytes! |
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Term
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Definition
| this leaf is only in lycophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| leaves with a highly branched vascular system |
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Term
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Definition
| modified leaves that bear sporangia |
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Term
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Definition
| clusters of sporangia produced by fern sporophylls |
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Term
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Definition
| cone-like structure in lycophytes and gymnosperms formed by sporophylls |
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Term
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Definition
| condition where one type of sporangium produces one type of sperm- typically develops into bisexual gametophyte (ferns) |
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Term
heterosporous
most common |
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Definition
| condition where 2 types of sporangia produce 2 types of spores: megaspore (female) and microspore (male) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| most ancient vascular plants that have scale like leaves called microphyll. also are coal deposits, deal with plate tectonics, and "ground pines" |
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Term
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Definition
| most widespread seedless vascular plant that has roots and leaves. they are dependent on water for fertilization and have sori. |
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Term
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Definition
the following describes what vascular plant:
scourging rushes, waterlogged soils, leaves advanced, root-bearing rhizomes, photosynthetic vertical stem and terminal cone contains sporangia? |
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Term
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Definition
| vascular plant that has rhizoids, no roots no leaves and is homosporous. |
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Term
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Definition
| more related to seed vascular plants than lycophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| this group of ferns horsetails and whisk ferns has over topping growth, megaphyll leaves, and roots with random branching |
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