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Plants
Terms that are used in the study of plants.
51
Biology
11th Grade
01/24/2009

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Term
Roots
Definition
Usually found underground. Absorb water and nutrients and serve as food storage.
Term
Shoots
Definition
Usually above ground. Functions include: photosynthesis, reproduction & dispersal.
Term
Monocots
Definition
3's, Parallel, scatttered vascular bundles, fibrous roots, primary growth. (Grass)
Term
Dicots
Definition
4's & 5's, Net, Ring vascular bundles, taproots, primary & secondary growth. (Oaks & roses)
Term
Parenchyma Cells
Definition
Least specialized plant cells. Thin/flexible cell wals. Carry on most of plant's metabloic functions. large central vacuole. Have ability
Term
Collenchyma Cells
Definition
Thicker primary cell wals. Live at maturity. Role in suppor of herbaceous plants.
Term
Schlerenchyma Cells
Definition
Thick secondary cell walls. Dead at functional maturity. Cannot increase in length, osccur in part of the plant which have quit growing in lenth. Two types are fibers and schlerids.
Term
Xylem
Definition
Thicker secondary cell walls. Involved in conduct of water and ions in the plant. Two types that are Tracheids and Vessels.
Term
Phloem
Definition
Involved in transport of sucrose, other organic compounds, and some ions. Living at functional maturity. Endwalls connect to each other via sieve-plates. Two types of cells in ploem, sieve-tube members and companion cells.
Term
Dermal Tissue System
Definition
Protection and prevention of water loss.
Term
Ground Tissue
Definition
System photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration, support and protection.
Term
Vascular Tissue System
Definition
Transport of water and minerals. Transport of food.
Term
Apical Meristems
Definition
tips of roots and shoots. Supply cells for the plant to increase in length. Growth in this direction is primary growth.
Term
Lateral Meristems
Definition
Located near the periphery of the plant, usually in a cylinder. Supply cells for the plan to increase in growth. Growth in this direction is secondary growth.
Term
Primary Growth
Definition
growth in directioins of apical meristems. Fouind in monocots and dicots.
Term
Secondary Growth
Definition
Growth in direction of lateral meristems. found only in dicots.
Term
Zone of Cell division
Definition
just above apical meristems.
Term
Zone of elongation
Definition
Cells elongate up to ten times in orginal length. pushes root downward into soil.
Term
Zone of maturation
Definition
Region of the roots where completly functional cells are found.
Term
Dicot Root Anatomy
Definition
Epidermis, Coretx, Endodermis, Pericycle, vascular tissue.
Term
Monocot Root Anatomy
Definition
Epidermis, Cortex, Endodermis, Pericycle, Vascular Tissue, Pith.
Term
Cuticle
Definition
Outter layer in plant cells.
Term
Upper Eperdermis
Definition
Layer in between cuticle and palisade messophyll.
Term
Stomata
Definition
In between upper cuticle layer.
Term
Palisade Mesophyll
Definition
Layer in between upper epidermis and spongy mesophyll.
Term
Spongy Mesophyll
Definition
Layer in between palisade mesophyll and lower epidermis.
Term
Guard Cells
Definition
Two openings in lower epidermis layer.
Term
Pistil
Definition
Contains stigma, style, and ovary.
Term
Stigma
Definition
Tip of pistil.
Term
Style
Definition
Middle part of pistil.
Term
Ovary
Definition
Bottom part of pistil.
Term
Stem
Definition
Very bottom part of a flower.
Term
Petals
Definition
Outter leafs in a flower.
Term
Sepal
Definition
Parts are connected to stamen and hang on the sides.
Term
Ovule
Definition
Inside contents of ovary, in pistil.
Term
Stamen
Definition
Contain anther and filament.
Term
Anther
Definition
Top part of stamen.
Term
Filament
Definition
Bottom part of stamen.
Term
Alteration of Generations
Definition
Diploid sporophyte generation and a haploid gametophyte generation.
Term
Double Fertiliztaion
Definition
Zygote, egg is fertilized by sperm.
Term
Cotyledon
Definition
Significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination. the cotyledon may become the embroyonic first leaves of a seedling.
Term
Auxins
Definition
Plant messenger. Stimulate growth.
Term
Gibberellins
Definition
Responsible for promoting growth in the embryo of a seed.
Term
Cytoskinins
Definition
Promote cell division. Found in almost all higher plants as well as mosses, fungi, and bacteria.
Term
Ethylene
Definition
Stimulates the release of dormacy, leaf and fruit abscission.
Term
Tropism
Definition
The growth of a plant in a specific direction in response to a stimulus.
Term
Abscisic
Definition
Increases in concentration as the days become shorter in the fall, and temperature decreases.
Term
Thermonasty
Definition
Opening asn closing of flowers in response to temperature changes. (tulip)
Term
Seismonasty
Definition
Mechanical movements.
Term
Photoperiodism
Definition
Response of a plant to changes in the length of day or night.
Term
Photoperiodism
Definition
Response of a plant to changes in the length of day or night.
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