Term
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Definition
– no specific recognition of identity of foreign cell/matter
• Same response regarless of stimuli
• Prevention first |
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Term
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Definition
| - liquid mixture of intersitial fluid, solutes, sometimes foreign material that is in the lymph vessels |
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Term
| lymphatic vessels and capillaries |
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Definition
• Contain 3 layers to it and have valves
• Smaller than vessels are capillaries which are blind ended*- they just end without conncection to anything
• Anchoring filaments hold their endothelial cells in place |
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Term
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Definition
• Lymphocytes packed in connective tissue
• No capsule
• Fount in CT under epithelium of respoiratory, digestive, urinary tracts
• Eg. Tonsils, Peyer’s patches
• GALT or MALT- mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
o Group of these- tonsiles |
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Term
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Definition
• Bi lobed
• A site for T cell maturation |
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Term
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Definition
• Located along the pathways of lymph vessels
• Function is to filter antigens from lymph and initiate and immune response when needed
• Fibrous capsuke; partitions
o Trabeculae separate sections internallu
• Afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels
• Macrophages
• 99% antigens removed, processed
• dendritic cells- found in the lymphatic nodule and internalize antigens from lyph and present to other lymphatic cells |
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Term
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Definition
• Removes RBCs- phagocytes
• Stores Iron
• May initiate immune responses
• Largest lymph organ in the body
• Red pulp- RBC, platelt, macrophages, some plasma cells
• White pul- clusters of t cells, b cells, and macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
• Body fluid homeostasis- returns interstitial fluid and solutes to blood stream
• Immune system |
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Term
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Definition
• Inflammation
• Phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
• Histamine
• Heparin (both for inflmmation) |
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Term
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Definition
| • Defend against parasitic worms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• Specific immunity (all except NK cells)
• B eclls- specific immunity
• T cells
NK cells |
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Term
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Definition
• Cytotoxic
• Helper
• Suppressor |
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Term
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Definition
immune surveillance
• Can kill a wide variety of infected cells
• Bind directly and non specifically to virus infected cells and cancer cells to kill them |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| first line of defense (list) |
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Definition
| skin and mucous membranes, ciliated mucosa of respiraotry system, friendly microorganisms, macrophages |
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Term
| skin and mucous membranes as 1st line of defense |
|
Definition
physical barrier
• Variety of protective chemicals
• Acidity of skin
• Gastric HCl, proteolytic enzymes
• Lysozyme of salivia
• Sticky mucous |
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Term
| inflammation may be set off by |
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Definition
o May be set off by-
• Physical trauma
• Intense heat
• Irritating chemicals
• Infection by pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
o 1. Entry of bacteria into issue or injury releases chemicals
o 2.vasodilation of microcirulation in infected area, increased blood flow
o 3. large increase in protein permeability of capillaries- resulting in filtration of this and fluid into intetsitial fluid
o 4. chemotaxis- movement of leulocytes from venules into intersitial fluid to infected area
o 5. Destruction bacteria
o 6. tissue repair |
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Term
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Definition
• Neutrophils enter bloodstream
• Margination (“pavementing”)- leukocytes cling to capillary walls
• Diapedesis- leukocytes pass thry capillary walls
• Chemotaxis- movement of leukocytes from the venules into the intersitial fluid of the infected area |
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Term
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Definition
| (“pavementing”)- leukocytes cling to capillary walls |
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Term
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Definition
| - leukocytes pass thry capillary walls |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of leukocytes from the venules into the intersitial fluid of the infected area |
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Term
|
Definition
• Released by mast cells
• Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability |
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Term
|
Definition
| • Vasodilation, capillary permeability, also t=chemotaxis, stimulate neutorphils, induce pain |
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Term
| prostaglandins (eicosanoids) |
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Definition
| • Senstitize blood vessels to effects of other mediators, pain |
|
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Term
| chemical factors that mediate inflammation (list |
|
Definition
| histmaines, kinins, prostaglandins, complement, cytokines |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| secreted by injured cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, lyphocytes, and several nonimmune cell types |
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Term
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Definition
o Major mechanism for destroying foreign substances
• Over 20 plasma proteins
• Activated via cascade |
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Term
| 2 pathways for complement activaiton |
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Definition
• Classical- antigen antibody complex initiates “complement fixation”
• Alternative- polysaccharides on cell surfaces of certain fungi and bacteria |
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Term
| once complement is actiavted |
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Definition
• Amplify all aspects of inflammation
• Directly lyse target cells via “membrane attack complex”
• Opsonication- to enhance phagocytosis (thru chemotaxis) |
|
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Term
| function of complement system |
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Definition
• Increase/enhance inflmmation
• Kill bacteria, other cells
• Mechanism for elimination of “tagged antigen (result of antibody mediated immune response) |
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Term
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Definition
o Defend against infection by microbes
o Immune surveillance
o Eliminate damaged cells
o “Negative” aspect- allergies, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection |
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Term
| phagocytosis (intracellular) |
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Definition
o Microbe enters by endocytosis
o Phagosome formation with the microbe inside
o Lysosome comes over and forms phagolysosome
o This releases end products into or out o cell |
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Term
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Definition
o antimicrobial protein
Protein family with antiviral effects
o Host (not virus) specific
o Interfere with viral replication, stimulate NK cells, stimulate macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
o Resetting of hypothalamic thermostat- pyrogens
• Pyrogens- chemical released to induce fever- releases PGE2 which acts of hypothalamus |
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Term
|
Definition
• Interferes with bacterial replication
• Increased MR speeds up defensive reactions and repair |
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Term
| 3 steps common to antibody and cell mediated immunity |
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Definition
o 1) antigen encounter and recognition by lymphocyte ( to activate need activated of special helpter T cells)
o 2) lymphocyte activation and clonal expansion
o 3) attack |
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Term
|
Definition
o genetic, born with
• Also used to refer to nonspecific defenses
• Born immunocompetent (lyphocytes matured) |
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Term
|
Definition
• Active- get disease, or get vaccie- your immune system activated
• Passive- get antibodies from someone else
• Ex) mom gives baby or shot to give antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
o effectors for cell mediated immunity
o Attack infected/transformed cells
o CD8 receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
needed for both kinds of immunity
o regulatory function in both cell mediated and antibody mediated
o CD4 receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
o Inhibit B and T cells
o CD8 |
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Term
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Definition
• Mature (acquire receptors) in bone marrow
• Give rise to antibody secreting plasma cells
• Carry out antibody mediated immunity |
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Term
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Definition
• Two chained proteins which cannot bind (see) antigen unless Ag in complexed to MHC “self” proteins
• Cytotoxic t cells – CD8
• Helper T cells – CD4 |
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Term
|
Definition
• Immunoglobulin (Ig) attached to B cell
• Ig is a copy of antibody that cell can produce |
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Term
| immunocompetence (maturation) |
|
Definition
• Lymphocytes acquire ability ot recognize Ag when they acquire recepotrs specific to Ag
• This process is genetically determined!
• Confers specicity + versatility to specific immnune system |
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Term
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Definition
• Any foreign molecule that ca trigger specific immune reponse
• Antigen determinants (epitopes)- antigenic sites- ca be multiple on one “bug” – need mutiple types of antobodies |
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Term
|
Definition
• Specific defense protein secreted by specific B lymphocytes
• Y chaped
• Variable regions bind Ag- V of the Y- receptors here
• Constant region involved in effector mechanism- stem of the Y
• Finishes the job by activating complement system |
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Term
|
Definition
• Cell chemicals that mediate immune respnse
• Table 18.2V
• Interferons, leukotries, CSFs
• Interleukings |
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Term
|
Definition
• IL-1, IL-2 and more
• TNF
• Lymphotoxins
• perforins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| typical Ab (80%), can cros placenta |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| first to appear after antigen |
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Term
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Definition
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