Term
| At what vertebral level does the dural sac end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical spine enlargement gives rise to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what level does the spinal cord terminate at conus medullaris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ventral and Dorsal primary rami supply what kind of muscles? |
|
Definition
Ventral = hypaxial
Dorsal = epaxial |
|
|
Term
Does each ramus have afferents and efferents?
Does each root have afferents and efferents? |
|
Definition
Root = afferent OR efferent
Ramus = mixed |
|
|
Term
| GSE and GSA have how many neurons in all of the somatic nervous system? |
|
Definition
ONE between the CNS and either a muscle or dermatome
aka there are no ganglia other than DRG |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 kinds of exteroreceptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All GSA fibers are pseudounipolar with cell bodies where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All GSE fibers have cell bodies where? |
|
Definition
In the ventral horn
GSA has cell bodies in DRG |
|
|
Term
| Are neurons at NMJ myelinated or nah? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are symp and parasymp systems distributed thru body? |
|
Definition
symp is everywhere except avascular areas
parasymp is head, viscera of trunk, and erectile tissues |
|
|
Term
Somatic system always has how many neurons?
Visceral system always has how many neurons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two places are PARASYMPATHETIC preganglionic neuron cell bodies located? |
|
Definition
Brain Stem
Ventral Horns of S2-S4 (pelvic splanchnics) |
|
|
Term
| PreGanglionic parasympathetics leave the brainstem in what 4 cranial nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Craniosacral system is another name for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are preganglionic neuron cell bodies located in the SYMPATHETIC division? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracolumbar is another name for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only part of the body that is dually innervated by Symp and Para? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
White AND gray rami are associated with what spinal levels?
What about just gray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are thoracic splanchnic nerves and wheredo they go? |
|
Definition
| they dont synapse in the sympathetic chain, but instead go straight thru it and synapse in the preaortic ganglia |
|
|
Term
| IS Auerbachs plexus in GI viscera symp or para? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GVA fibers from viscera of abdomen travel to the dorsal roots of T5-L2 via what nerves? |
|
Definition
Abdominal splanchnics thru WHITE communicating rami
this is weird because normally white sends info |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of frontal lobe or anterior cranial fossa can hurt what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where are primary olfactory neurons found?
secondary? |
|
Definition
Olfactory Epithelium
Bulb and tract |
|
|
Term
| Why are CN1 and CN2 not technically nerves? |
|
Definition
| comprised of axons of secondary rather than primary sensory |
|
|
Term
| what converge to form the optic nerve? |
|
Definition
| retinal ganglion cell axons |
|
|
Term
| Increased pressure in subarachnoid space may compress what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____ features the densest concentration of cones anda 1:1 ratio of cones to ganglion cells for maximum color visial and acuity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most axons in each optic tract terminate where? |
|
Definition
| lateral geniculate of the thalamus |
|
|
Term
| Internal Acoustic Meatus transmits what nerve(s)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High pitch and low pitch are sensed where in the cochlea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low and high pitch are sensed where in nuclei of brainstem? |
|
Definition
anterior = low
posterior = high |
|
|
Term
| Where is bilateral acoustic input initially processed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do stapedius and tensor tympani attach to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the stapedius reflex? |
|
Definition
| stapedius contracts during loud sounds and right before we speak |
|
|
Term
| How do we process linear acceleration and gravity? |
|
Definition
| maculae in the utricle and saccule |
|
|
Term
| How do we process angular motion? |
|
Definition
| ampullae in semicircular canals |
|
|
Term
| What fibers come to the Mesencephalic Nucleus, Pontine Trigeminal Nucleus, and Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus? |
|
Definition
Mesencephalic = Proprioception
Pontine = touch from face
Spinal Trigeminal = Pain and Temp |
|
|
Term
| Pontine and Spinal Trigemnial nuclei contain secondary neurons receiving input from priamry neurons in ___? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibers in motor nucleus of trigeminal are found in what division(s) of trigeminal nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
V1 goes thru ___ to ____
V2 goes thru ___ to ____
V3 goes thru ___ to ____ |
|
Definition
sup orb fissure to orbit
rotundum to pt fossa
ovale to infratemporal fossa |
|
|
Term
| List 5 nerves that are in cavernous sinus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Angle of mandible is innervated by what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 acronyms for cutaneous branches of V1, V2, V3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 nerves that piggyback CN V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 acronyms for CN V divisions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nasociliary
Frontal - most superior
Lacrimal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 branches of Frontal nerve of V1 |
|
Definition
supratrochlear
supraorbital |
|
|
Term
| Infratrochlear nerve is branch of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve goes thru trochlea in eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior and middle ethmoidal nerves come from what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| branches of maxillary nerve? |
|
Definition
Zygomatic
Infraorbital
Palatine (greater to hard, lesser to soft)
Superior Alveolar |
|
|
Term
| Infraorbital nerve gives what branches? |
|
Definition
nasal
Superior labial
Inf. palpebral |
|
|
Term
| Nasal cavity has innervation from what divisions of CN V? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nasopalatine nerve is a division of what nerve and where does it go? |
|
Definition
| V2 goes thru incisive canal of hard palate |
|
|
Term
| What teeth do ant, mid, post superior alveolar nerves innervate? |
|
Definition
ant sup alveolar = first 3
mid sup alveolar = next 2
post sup alveolar = back 3 |
|
|
Term
| 3 maxillary injection sites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you numb all of the maxillary hard palate? |
|
Definition
Nasopalatine = anterior hard palate
Greater palatine = posterior hard palate |
|
|
Term
| SVE fibers in V3 innervate what muscles? |
|
Definition
4 mastication
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatine
mylohyoid
Anterior Digastric |
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates mylohyoid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve to mylohyoid is a branch of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN V lower motor neuron lesions result in what kind of jaw deviation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN V lower motor neuron lesions result in what kind of soft palate and uvula deviation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main sensory branches of V3? |
|
Definition
Buccal
Auriculotemporal
Inf Alveolar
Lingual |
|
|
Term
| THe ____ nerve is formed by tow roots which surround the middle meningeal artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractures of the neck of the condyle of the mandible damage what nerve and what artery? |
|
Definition
auriculotemporal nerve
maxillary artery |
|
|
Term
| Chorda tympani is a branch of CN _____ and joins the ____ nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ant = lingaul of V3
post = 9 |
|
|
Term
| What kind of fibers does the chorda tympani have? |
|
Definition
GVE and SVA
GVE go to submandibular and Sublingual glands
SVA are taste ant 2/3 tongue |
|
|
Term
| Postganglionic parasmypathetics coming from submandibular ganglion travel with branches of ____ nerve to sublingual and submandibular salivary glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mandibular injection sites |
|
Definition
inf alveolar and lingual nerves just above mandibular foramen
mental foramen for anterior teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cerebral peduncles of the midbrain |
|
|
Term
| What cranial nerve has the longest INTRACRANIAL course? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cranial nerve has the longest INTRADURAL course? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ICA aneurysms in the cavernous sinus can damage what nerves? |
|
Definition
| 3,4,6 6 being closest to ICA |
|
|
Term
| PCOM of circle of willis and lateral pituitary tumors can damage what nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ophthalmoplegia can be causes by lesions of what nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 5 things would happen with right CN3 lesion? |
|
Definition
partial ptosis
eyeball down and out
no pupillary light reflex
dilated pupil
loss of near sight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral rectus paralysis from CN 6 lesion. This causes diplopia (double vision) |
|
|
Term
| What happens with CN IV lesion? |
|
Definition
eyeball elevated and adducted
cant walk down stairs |
|
|
Term
| contraction of ciliary nerves does what? |
|
Definition
| adjusts lens and makes it more fat for near sight |
|
|
Term
| Constrictor and Dilator of eye are symp or parasymp |
|
Definition
Dilator = symp
Constrictor = parasymp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pupils are different sizes |
|
|
Term
| Explain path to ciliary muscles and pupillary constrictors? |
|
Definition
parsymp pathway
E-W nucleus --> CN III --> Ciliary Gang -->V1---> ciliary/constrictor |
|
|
Term
| Pupillary Dilator and Superior Tarsal and ophthalmic artery are innervated by what? |
|
Definition
| Sympathetics from T1-T2-->Internal carotid plexus--> sup. cervical ganglion --> THRU ciliary ganglion to destination on SHORT AND LONG ciliary nerves |
|
|
Term
| Opthalmic artery and its branches, Supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal are innervated by what? |
|
Definition
| postganglionic sympathetics from superior cervical ganglion |
|
|
Term
| What causes Horner's Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| interruption of sympathetic pathway of superior cervical ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Indications of Horner's syndrome? |
|
Definition
Miosis - dilator gone
Partial Ptosis - superior tarsal gone
Anhydrosis - symp to supraorbital and supratrochlear are gone |
|
|
Term
| Once it emerges from the inferior pontine sulcus, where does CN VII lie? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two roots of CN7 |
|
Definition
larger motor
smaller nervus intermedius |
|
|
Term
| what are the only fibers to come from larger motor root of CN7? |
|
Definition
| SVE for muscles of facial expression from pharyngeal arch 2 |
|
|
Term
| What is the internal genu of facial nerve? |
|
Definition
| motor nucleus sends out fibers that wrap around abducent nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Where are primary afferent cell bodies in facial nerve? |
|
Definition
| external geniculate ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Where do all taste fibers go in brainstem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do general sensory fibers of CN V terminate in brainstem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do GVE fibers of CN V end up in brainstem? |
|
Definition
| Superior Salivatory Nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Where do CN 7 and 8 enter skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 portions of CN 7? |
|
Definition
Mastoid
External Genu
Trunk
Tympanic
Labyrinthine |
|
|
Term
| 3 branches of CN7 in facial canal? |
|
Definition
Greater Petrosal
Nerve to Stapedius
Chorda Tympani |
|
|
Term
| Describe course of greater petrosal nerve |
|
Definition
| from geniculate ganglion of CN 7, leaves hiatus of greater petrosal nerve, to middle cranial fossa, thru foramen lacerum, joins deep petrosal to form vidian in vidian canal |
|
|
Term
| Describe course of chorda tympani |
|
Definition
| leaves CN7, goes into tympanic cavity via iter chordae posterius, exits thru iter chordae anterius at medial end of Petrotympanic fissure |
|
|
Term
| Where does facial nerve trunk exit skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles does Facial nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
Facial Expression
Stylohyoid
Posterior Digastric
Stapedius |
|
|
Term
| What section of CN 7 gives rise to stapedius and chorda tympani? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branches of Facial nerve in parotid plexus? |
|
Definition
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
Posterior Auricular |
|
|
Term
| How to test TZBMC of facial nerve? |
|
Definition
Temporal = raise eyebrow = frontalis
Zygomatic = close eye tight = orbicularis oculi
Buccal = pucker lips, show upper teeth = buccinator
Mandibular = show lower teeth = lips
Cervical = flex platysma |
|
|
Term
| Describe course of parasympathetics of greater petrosal |
|
Definition
| Sup Salivatory Nuc --> greater petrosal --> PT ganglion -->Zygomatic V2--> lacrimal gland, nasal gland, palate gland |
|
|
Term
| Describe course of parasympathetics of chorda tympani |
|
Definition
| sup salivatory nuc --> chorda tympani --> Submandibular ganglion --> Lingual CN V3 --> submandibular and sublingual glands |
|
|
Term
| What branch of facial nerve has afferent fibers as well? |
|
Definition
| Posterior Auricular for concha of ear and small patch behind ear |
|
|
Term
| What nerves innervate eardrum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes Bell's Palsy? |
|
Definition
| CN 7 lesion near stylomastoid foramen |
|
|
Term
| What does the jugular foramen transmit out of the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve is vulnerable to lesion in posterior cervical triangle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerves form the cervical plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does ansa cervicalis innervate? |
|
Definition
| infrahyoid strap muscles EXCEPT THYROHYOID which is C1 |
|
|
Term
| What is the Thyrohyoid innervated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ansa cervicalis travels with what nerve initially? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 roots of the ansa cervicalis and what are they derived from |
|
Definition
Superior Descendens = C1
Inferior = C2 C3 |
|
|
Term
| What nerve goes thru neck along the anterior scalene muscles to reach thoracic cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 cutaneous branches of cervical plexus? |
|
Definition
LGTS
Lesser Occipital
Greater Auricular
Transverse Cervical
Supraclavicular |
|
|
Term
Lesser occipital
Greater Auricular
Transverse Cervical
Supraclavicular
These 4 nerves are branches of cervical plexus....where does each come from? |
|
Definition
L = C2
G = C2 C3
T = C2 C3
S = C3 C4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where you can anesthetize the 4 cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus (LGTS) |
|
|
Term
| What can improper injection at Erb's Point cause? |
|
Definition
| shoulder drop bc of CN XI nearby |
|
|
Term
| Where is the hypoglossal nucleus located in the medulla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does CN12 exit skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vertebral artery hemorrhages can impinge on what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve lies between IJV and ICA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does CN12 innervate? |
|
Definition
All intrinsic tongue
All extrinsic tongue except palatoglossus (CN10) |
|
|
Term
| What nerve runs along side occipital artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve runs along side lingual artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two vessels are near CN12 (other than IJV and ICA)? |
|
Definition
| lingual and occipital artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the muscle inbetween CN12 and lingual nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carotid Endarterectomy can damage what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two muscles does C1 innervate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumors in posterior cranial fossa impinge on what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell bodies of all afferents of CN 9 are located where? |
|
Definition
| Superior and inferior Ganglia on either side of jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| CN 9 SVA fibers go to what nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Rostral Solitary like all taste ones |
|
|
Term
| Cn 9 GVA fibers go to what nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN 9 GSA fibers go to what nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN 9 SVE fibers go to what nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN9 GVE fibers go to what nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the first 2 branches of CN 9? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the tympanic nerve enter temporal bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Course of Tympanic branch of CN9 |
|
Definition
| leaves CN9---> tympanic canaliculus--> Tympanic plexus --> Lesser petrosal nerve--> foramen ovale--> otic ganglion--> Parotid |
|
|
Term
| What nerve senses middle ear infection pain? |
|
Definition
| CN 9 via tympanic nerve and tympanic plexus |
|
|
Term
| What nerve does the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from Otic ganglion piggyback on to go to parotid gland? |
|
Definition
| Auriculotemporal of CN V3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gustatory sweating from CN 9 mixup post surgery |
|
|
Term
| the carotid sinus nerve is a branch of ____ and carries GVA from ___ and ____ |
|
Definition
branch of CN9
baroreceptors and chemoreceptors |
|
|
Term
| Lesion of carotid sinus nerve can cause what? |
|
Definition
| fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure (chemoreceptors and baroreceptors) |
|
|
Term
| Pharyngeal plexus is made from pharyngeal branches of what 2 nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only way to test CN9 clinically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gag reflex is CN____
Cough reflex is CN____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the muscle that CN9 innervates and courses with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do CN9 and stylopharyngeus course together near constrictors? |
|
Definition
| between superior and middle constrictors |
|
|
Term
| Tonsillectomy can lesion what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the last 2 branches of CN9? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 nerves leave the medulla from the postolivary sulcus by multiple rootlets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleus ambiguus gives fibers to what nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve joins the cranial CN11? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN 10 SVE fibers arise from what nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN 10 GVE fibers arise from what nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two ganglia for afferent vagus? |
|
Definition
superior Jugular
Inferior nodose |
|
|
Term
| Superior jugular ganglion and Inferior nodose ganglion of vagus nerve convey what kind of afferent sensations? |
|
Definition
Jugular Superior = somatic
Nodose Inferior = visceral |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 main SVE branches of vagus nerve? |
|
Definition
Pharyngeal
Superior Laryngeal
Recurrent Laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| CN 10 pharyngeal branch innervates most pharyngeal and palatal muscles....what are the 2 exceptions |
|
Definition
Pharyngeal = stylopharyngeus = CN9
Palatal = Tensor veli palatini = CNV3 |
|
|
Term
| what is the only muscular branch of superior laryngeal and what does it innervate? |
|
Definition
| external branch innervates Cricothyroid |
|
|
Term
| What nerve is cut during the removal of superior thyroid artery? |
|
Definition
| superior laryngeal nerve = monotonous voice |
|
|
Term
| What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
| all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid which is external branch of superior laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| Left or right recurrent laryngeal nerve is lower? |
|
Definition
| left because it has to loop around aortic arch while right just loops around right subclavian |
|
|
Term
| What are the two branches of Vagal afferents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the meningeal branch of CN10 do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mastoid canaliculus transmits what? |
|
Definition
| auricular branch of CNX enters the mastoid canaliculus and exits the skull through the tympanomastoid fissure |
|
|
Term
| Where does the auricular branch of CNX leave skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| External ear infection pain is from what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates mucosa of larynx and mediates the afferent limb of the cough reflex? |
|
Definition
| Internal branch of superior laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx are innervated by what nerves? |
|
Definition
naso = V2
oro = 9
laryngo = 10 |
|
|
Term
| What nerve mediates taste from epiglottis and valleculae via internal laryngeal nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
