Term
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Definition
| In this book, the same as stress. A syllable given more prominence in pronunciation than its neighbors is said to be accented. |
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Term
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Definition
| A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repitition at close intervals of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words. Important words and accented syllables beginning with vowels may also be said to alliterate with each other inasmuch as they all have the same lack of an initial consonant sound. |
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Term
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Definition
| A reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical foot consisiting of two unaccented syllables followed by onne accented syllable. |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which a majority of the feet are anapests. |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used for words in a riming pattern that have some kind of sound correspondence but are not perfect rimes. Approximate rimes occur occasionally in patterns where most of the rimes are perfexct, and sometimes are used systematically in place of perfect rime. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repitition at close intervals of the vowel sounds od accented syllables or important words. |
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Term
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Definition
| A poem about dawn; a morning love song; or a poem about the parting of lovers at dawn. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fairly short narrative poem written in a songlike stanza form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unrimed iambic pentameter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A harsh, disordant, unpleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pause introduced into the reading of a line by a mark of punctuation or, a natural pause, unmarked by punctuation, introduced into the reading of a line by its phrasing or syntax. Does not affect scansion. |
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Term
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Definition
| What a word suggests beyond its basic definition; a word's overtones of meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words. |
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Term
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Definition
| That form of a poem in which the lines follow each other without formal grouping, the only breaks being dictated by units of meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two succesive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rime. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables. |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which a majority of the feet are dactyls. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic defintion or dictionary meaning of a word. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poetry having a primary purpose to teach or preach. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical line containing two feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic foot of dipodic verse, consisting (when complete) of an unaccented syllable,a lightly accented syllable, an unaccented syllable, and a heavily accented syllable, in htat succession. However, dipodic verse accomodates a tremendous amount of variety, as shown by the examples in the text. |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which there is a perceptible alternation between light and heavy stresses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rime in which the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of the words involved; one form of feminine rime. |
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Term
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Definition
| the situation, whether actual or fictional, realistic or fanciful, in which an author places his or her characters in order to express the theme. |
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Term
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Definition
| A device by which the author implies a different meaning from that intended by the speaker (or by a speaker) in a literary work. |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which a majority of the feet contain two syllables. Iambic and trochaic are both duple meters |
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Term
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Definition
| Rimes that occur at the ends of lines |
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Term
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Definition
| A line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as the Shakespearean sonnet; a sonnet riming ababcdcdefefgg; its content or structure parallels with the rime scheme falling into 3 coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet; often structured like the Italian sonnet with an octave and sestet with the principal break in thought coming at the end of the 8th line |
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Term
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Definition
| A smooth, pleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| The metrical expectation set up by the basic meter of a poem |
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Term
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Definition
| The metrical expectation set up by the basic meter of a poem |
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Term
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Definition
| a rime in which the repeated accented vowel is in either the second or third last syllable of the words involved |
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Term
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Definition
| language employing figures of speech; language that cannot be taken literally or only literally |
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Term
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Definition
| broadly, any way of saying something other than the ordinary way; more narrowly a way of saying one thing and meaning another |
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Term
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Definition
| any form of poem in which the length and pattern are prescribed by previous usage or tradition, such as sonnet, limerick, villanelle, haiku, and so on. |
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Term
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Definition
| a narrative poem designed to be sung, composed by an anonymous author, and transmitted orally for years or generations before being written down, it has usually undergone modification through the process of oral tradition |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic unit used in the scansion or measurement of verse; a foot usually contains one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables, but the monosyllabic foot, the spondaic foot, and the dipodic foot are all modifications of this principle |
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Term
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Definition
| the external pattern or shape of a poem, describable without reference to its content, as continuous form, stanzaic form, fixed form, free verse, and syllabic verse |
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Term
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Definition
| non-metrical verse; arranged in lines, may be more or less rhythmical, but has no fixed metrical pattern or expectation |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as caesura; a pause introduced into the reading of the line by a mark of punctuation |
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Term
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Definition
| a three line poem, Japanese in origin, narrowly conceived of as a fixed form in which the lines contain respectively 5, 7, and 5 syllables; generally concerned with some aspect of nature and present a single image or two juxtaposed images without comment, relying on suggestion rather than on explicit statement to communicate their meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| the actual rhythm of a metrical poem as we hear it when it is read naturally |
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Term
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Definition
| a metrical line containing 7 feet |
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Term
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Definition
| a metrical line containing 6 feet |
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Term
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Definition
| a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used in the service of truth |
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Term
|
Definition
| a metrical foot consisting of one unaccented syllable followed by one accented syllable |
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Term
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Definition
| a meter in which the majority of the feet are iambs; it is the most common English meter |
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Term
|
Definition
| a meter which freely mixes iambs and anapests, and in which might be to determine which foot prevails without actually counting difficult |
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Term
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Definition
| the representation through language of sense experience |
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Term
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Definition
| a rime in which one or both of the rime-words occur within the line |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation, or use of language, involving some kind of congruity or discrepancy |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as the Petrarchan sonnet; a sonnet consisting of an octave riming abbaabba and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rimes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde |
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Term
|
Definition
| a fixed form consisting of five lines of anapestic meter, the first two trimester, the next two dimeter, the last line trimester, riming aabba; used exclusively for humorous or nonsense verse |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as the single rime; a rime in which the repeated accented vowel sound is in the final syllable of the words involved |
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Term
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Definition
| a figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between 2 things essentially unlike. It may take 4 forms: that in which the literal term and figurative term are both named, that in which the literal term is named and figurative term is implied, that in which the literal term is implies and the figurative term named, and that in which both the literal and figurative terms are implied |
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Term
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Definition
| regularized rhythm; an arrangement of language in which the accents occur at apparently equal intervals in time |
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Term
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Definition
| a figure of speech in which some significant aspect or detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience |
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Term
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Definition
| a pause that supplies the place of an expected accented syllable; also affect scansion |
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Term
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Definition
| a metrical line containing one foot |
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Term
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Definition
| a foot consisting of a single accented syllable |
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Term
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Definition
| a metrical line containing 8 feet |
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Term
|
Definition
| an 8 line stanza; the first 8 lines of a sonnet, especially one structured in the manner of an Italian sonnet |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of words that supposedly mimic their meaning in their sound |
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Term
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Definition
| language employing onomatopoeia |
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Term
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Definition
| a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used in the service of truth |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible statements |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation containing apparently but not actually incompatible elements |
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Term
| Paradoxical statement (or verbal paradox): |
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Definition
| a figure of speech in which an apparently self-contradictory statement is nevertheless found to be true |
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Term
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Definition
| a restatement of the content of a poem designed to make its prose meaning as clear as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| a metrical line containing 5 feet |
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Term
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Definition
| a figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or a concept |
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Term
|
Definition
| also known as the Petrarchan sonnet; a sonnet consisting of an octave riming abbaabba and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rimes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde |
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Term
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Definition
| a word whose sound, by an obscure process, to some degree suggests its meaning; do not refer to sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| non-metrical language; the opposite of verse |
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Term
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Definition
| that part of a poem’s total meaning that can be separated out and expressed through paraphrase |
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Term
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Definition
| usually a short composition having the intentions of poetry but written in prose rather than in verse |
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Term
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Definition
| a four line stanza; a four line division of a sonnet marked off by its rime scheme |
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Term
|
Definition
| a repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in a poem written in stanzaic form |
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Term
| Rhetorical pause (also known as caesura): |
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Definition
| a natural pause, unmarked by punctuation, introduced into the reading of a line by its paraphrasing or syntax; does not affect scansion |
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Term
|
Definition
| any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound |
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Term
|
Definition
| the repetition of the accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds in important or importantly positioned words |
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Term
|
Definition
| any fixed pattern of rimes characterizing a whole poem or its stanzas |
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Term
|
Definition
| a line which has no natural speech pause at its end, allowing the sense to flow uninterruptedly into the succeeding line |
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Term
|
Definition
| bitter or cutting speech; speech intended by its speaker to give pain to the person addressed |
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Term
|
Definition
| a kind of literature that ridicules human folly or vice with the purpose of bringing about reform or of keeping others from falling into similar folly or vice |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of measuring verse, that it, of marking accented and unaccented syllables, dividing the lines into feet, identifying the metrical pattern, and noting significant variations from that pattern |
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Term
|
Definition
| poetry aimed primarily at stimulating the emotions rather than communicating experience honestly and freshly |
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Term
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Definition
| a 6 line stanza; the last six lines of a sonnet structured on the Italian model |
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Term
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Definition
a sonnet divided into three quatrains and a couplet rhymed abab cdcd efef gg. The couplet provides a comment on the narrative or problem put forth in the quatrains.
The Shakespearean sonnet is divided into three quatrains and a couplet rhymed abab cdcd efef gg. The couplet provides an epigrammatic comment on the narrative or problem put forth in the quatrains. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike; comparison made by words such as: as, like, than, similar to, resembles or seems |
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Term
|
Definition
| a rime in which the repeated accented vowel sound is in the final syllable of the words involved |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which there is an incongruity between actual circumstances and those that would seem appropriate or between what is anticipated and what is actually come to pass |
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Term
|
Definition
| a fixed form of 14 lines, normally iambic pentameter, with a rime scheme conforming to or approximating one of two main types- the Italian or English sonnet |
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Term
|
Definition
| a metrical foot consisting of 2 syllables equally or almost equally accented |
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Term
|
Definition
| a group of lines whose metrical pattern is repeated throughout a poem |
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Term
|
Definition
| the form taken by a poem when it is written in a series of units having the same number of lines and usually other characteristics in common, such as metrical pattern or rime scheme |
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Term
|
Definition
| a syllable given more prominence in pronunciation than its neighbors is said to be stressed |
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Term
|
Definition
| the internal organization of a poem’s content |
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Term
|
Definition
| a figure of speech sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem |
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Term
|
Definition
| verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line |
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Term
|
Definition
| a figure of speech in which something means more that what it is; a symbol in other words that may be read both literally and metaphorically |
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Term
|
Definition
| a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole; in this book it is subsumed under the term metonymy |
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Term
|
Definition
| a metrical line containing 4 feet |
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Term
|
Definition
| the central idea of a literary work |
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Term
|
Definition
| the writer’s or speaker’s attitude toward his subject, his audience, or himself; the emotional meaning, of a work |
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Term
|
Definition
| the total experience communicated by a poem; it includes all those dimensions of experience by which a poem communicate- sensuous, emotional, imaginative, and intellectual- and it can be communicated in no other words than those of the poem itself |
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Term
|
Definition
| a metrical line containing 3 feet |
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Term
|
Definition
| a meter in which a majority of the feet contain three syllables; anapestic and dactylic are both examples |
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Term
|
Definition
| a rime in which the repeated accented vowel sound is in the third last syllable of the words involved; one form of feminine rime |
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Term
|
Definition
| a meter in which the majority of feet are trochees |
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Term
|
Definition
| a metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable |
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Term
|
Definition
| a figure of speech that consists of saying less than one means, or of saying what one means with less force than the occasional warrants |
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Term
|
Definition
| metrical language; the opposite of prose |
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Term
|
Definition
| a short poem consisting of five tercets, followed by a final quatrain, all being based on two rhymes |
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