Chapter 5

studied effectiveness of routine preventive patrol

Kansas City Study (1972-1973)

creating blocks implementing specialized or directed crime prevention, deterrence, and apprehension activities

Directed Patrol

Factors used to determine patrol beats.

# of Part I (serious crimes)

# calls for service

# road miles

Three ways police utilize resources.

patrol workload studies

delayed police response

differential police responses

timely and rapid response

Delayed police response

3 objectives of making a rapid police response

serve as deterrent

increase apprehension

increase citizen confidence, reporting, and crime prevention

attempts deterring crime problems in specific area deploying large #'s of officers

Saturation Patrol/Crackdowns

focused on crimals instead of crime

immersed in corruption

diff. to distinguish cops from crooks

Secretive Rogue (1850-1920's)

Type of Detective

police brutality and abuse of suspect

overly depended on confussions

brutal 3rd degree techniques to solve case

investigative techniques not used

Inquisitor (1890-1960's)

Type of Detective

efforts to professionalize police making detectives accountable

due process revolution

Bureaucrat (1940-1980's)

Type of Detective

1. determine whether or not crime was committed

2.decide if crime was committed w/i investigator jurisdiction

3. discover facts pertaining to complaint:

a. gather & preserve physical evidence

b. develop and follow-up all clues

4. recover stolen property

5. identify perpetrator

Investigative Properties

Chapter 6

effective limits on public official's power to leave him/her free to make a choice among a # of possible courses of action

Police discretion

known as "gatekeepers" because of the discretion used

Law Enforcement/ Police

crime resulting in physical harm or threats of harm by one intimate partner against another

Domestic Violence

victim attempt to be nurturing

victim may trigger episode just to get it over w/ b/c tension is great

victim feels he/she is walking on eggshells

Tension Building

(Distinct Phase of DV)

tension reaches climax

perpetrator loses control

incidence is intense, violent, aggressive

when attack is over both parties feel shock, disbelief, and denial

victim will return when crisis is over

Explosive

(Distinct Phase of DV)

relationship becomes calm and loving

non-violent period lasting for months

perpetrator begs for forgiveness

victim believe they will change

Honeymoon

(Distinct Phase of DV)

law enforcement obtains most confessions of violence during this phase occurring through apology notes, letters, etc.

Honeymoon

How many times can the cycle of domestic violence happens before the victim decides to leave for good?

7-12

What are the factors that goes into decision making in regards to discretion?

offender variables: attributes of the offender (age, race, socioeconomic status, demeanor, and gender)

situational variables: seriousness of the offense

officer initiated actions & citizen calls for assist.

Where did the term "hooker" come from?

dated back to the Civil War when Union Gen. Joe Hooker employed prostitutes for himself and his army

Chapter 7

What are the 7 use of force continuum's?

1. physical prescence of officer

2. soft handled

3. mace or pepper spray

4. hard hands

5. police baton

6. threat of deadly force

7. deadly force used

deals with the use of force and dictates when a police officer can use deadly force

Tennessee v Garner

when police officers possessing less than lethal weapons may be more inclined to use these weapons in cases where they would have not been legally justified in using traditional weapons or any force at all

Net Widening

What year had the highest rate of death in the line of duty? Lowest?

1973- 137 deaths

1992- 42 deaths

Chapter 8

abusive

protectors of moral rights & standards

rigid adherence

little sympathy

motivate: advancement of public morality

Legalistic

(Coates Study)

street level bureaucracies

follow dept. rules & regulations w/o exceptions

motivation: adherence to rules

Task

(Coates Study)

uses discretion liberally

primary objective: helping people

Community Service

(Coates Study)

see job as keeping criminals under control

use repressive methods

concerned w/ outcomes of actions rather than actions themselves

Tough Cop

(White's Study)

more sympathetic to people's needs viewing them as clients not adversaries

community oriented

Problem Solver

(White's Study)

zealots, sees role as enforcing laws

view other policing/activities as not being outside REAL police work

assoc. w/ legalistic police dept.

Crime Fighter

(White's Study)

bureaucratic operating by the book

remain detached from jobs and citizens served

Rule Appliers

(White's Study)

What are the 7 sources of police stress?

1. Life Threatening

2. Social Isolation

3. Organizational

4. Functional

5. Personal

6. Physiological

7. Psychological

What is the highest ranking police stress?

Killing someone in the line of duty

What is the end result in not being able to handle problems effectively when policing?

Can lead to drug and alcohol abuse

Chapter 9

criteria used to determine whether an occupation is a "profession"

serves as guide & restrict behavior of members of professional groups

Code of Ethics

consists of coffee, food, or other items and services given to police officers for a reduced price or free charge

Gratuities