Banned segregation in all public facilities, authorized the Dept. of Justice to bring legal action against segregation. Forbade job discrimination. Denied federal funds to agencies practicing discrimination. Johnson made passage of bill a priority following JFK assassination.

No person shall be denied the right to vote on account of race or color. Codifies and effectuates the 15th Amendment. Ended literacy requirements in the South. Gave federal gov't broad regulatory and enforcement powers to supervise voter registration and elections

increased black registration, especially in the South; made sense of Democratic party strategy (Dems knew the only way to offset the impact of disenchanted southern whites was to add a large amount of black votes)

What are the two major interrelated developments in American politics thanks to the CRA of 1964?

1) Demonstrated that the nat'l gov't could play a role in bringing about equal rights and 2) revealed just how far the Democratic party had come on civil rights.

1) Johnson's actions after the election, 2) the racial orientation of the Democratic party in the post-Johnson era, and 3) the response of the Republicans to the Goldwater candidacy.

August, 1965 - violence broke out in the Watts section of LA, eventually escalated into five days of arson, looting, and violence. Outbreak of such violence repeated through 67. Worst one: Detroit; other cities: Tampa, Boston, Cincinatti.

Altered the course of conflict: before Tet, U.S. officials assured the public the war was gradually being won, "the light at the end of the tunnel" was growing brighter. Cronkite declared the war was to end in a stalemate; American confidence was shattered. The war was now brought from the jungles to the city streets. Economic and inter-military problems arose.

The New Left Characteristics

College students, young professionals, writers, Hippies, etc. Rejected conventional social norms (counterculture). Brash and impatient. Maintained high degree of decentralization and spontaneity.

Vietnam, Chinese Culture Revolution, black radicalism, civil rights movement, psychadelic rock i.e. Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, Peace Corps

Port Huron Statement; calls for participatory democracy based on nonviolent civil disobediance.

MN senator; ran as an anti-war candidate. Surprisingly won NH primary by mobilizing college students and the like. "Insurgency" candidate

How did the New Deal coalition dissolve during the 1968 election?

Southern whites were disenchanted with the national Democratic party (Southern Realignment). The New Left was reluctant to support the party's presidential candidates. Issues such as civil rights, Vietnam, and affirmative action drove created significant divisions. Culture and issue evolution eventually smashed the WWII era coalition.

Instituted reforms within the Democratic party required delegates to be chosen in open primaries and caucuses. Also required that blacks, Hispanics, and women be given representation as delegates

Debate over minority representation at the convention, delegate selection process, essentially the method of nomination was unfair and unrepresentative.

What were the three main consequences of the 1968 Democratic convention?

1) The party image was tarnished to the point that possible victory in the general election was significantly damaged, 2) the McGovern-Fraser Commission was created to reform the rules governing delegate selection and presidential nominations, and 3) 8 people were indicted for violating the Anti-Riot Act of 1968

To defy the top-down structure of mainstream politics and the inhumanity that flows from it. Their public demonstration significantly weakened the credibility and allure of the anti-war movement. A fucking pig named Pigasus...

Generational and racial conflict

The idea that South Vietnam would gradually assume a greater combat role ultimately leading to the complete withdrawal of U.S. forces. Need to convince the public that South Vietnam could handle their own. Policy would require time.

Fearing an enemy victory should the presence of U.S. forces no longer be felt, it was agreed upon that the U.S. must get the NLF to negotiate. To pressure them, Nixon and Kissinger created the Madman scenario, citing Nixon's unstableness and affinity to use nukes against communist entities.

Nixon's aim was to demonstrate to Hanoi that the protesters do not speak for the American public, and so to gain time and leverage for his plan of gradual troop removal. In the process, Nixon was splitting conservatives from liberals. Nixon wanted to appeal to the silent majority  and exploit political opportunities.

Agnew was identified as being in line with Nixon's Southern Strategy;  Southern enough to attract southern moderate votes however not enough to be identified with the Deep South, turning off Northern centrists. Eventually became voice of the silent majority; Agnew was Nixon's attack dog in defending the administration's Vietnam policy.

Those who did not protest, did not join the counterculture, middle class Americans, South and Midwest