Term
| Why is there a need to have rapid intervention companies? |
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Definition
Firefighter lost (missing) trapped down (injured) Flashover, backdraft, explosion, collapse |
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Term
| Where do most firefighter fatalities take place? |
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Definition
| single family dwellings (53%) |
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Term
| What are some reasons that search & rescue/rapid intervention are some of the weakest fireground operations? |
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Definition
infrequent use lack of training incident dynamics |
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Term
| What 3 areas should every firefighter consider @ every fire? |
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Definition
Building construction conditions safety |
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Term
What are two building construction considerations acknowledged by a RIC team? |
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Definition
Pre-1933 construction light weight construction |
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Term
| List some notorious firefighter killers. |
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Definition
Mezzanines elevator shafts loading docks HAZ/MAT high voltage |
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Term
| What are 3 tools to be considered if assigned to RIC? |
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Definition
IR camera RIC kit/escape canister quartz light |
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Term
| RIC missions are spearated into these two categories... |
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Definition
Stand-by-mode Deployment mode |
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Term
| What type of company should be considered as a minimum for initial RIC? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many members should be used as minimum when performing a search? |
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Definition
Two person team Three person teams are more common |
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Term
| When assessing a downed firefighter, what four checks must be performed? |
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Definition
Pass device assessment of firefighter buddy breathing waist strap |
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Term
| What items should be considered for your personal size up? |
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Definition
Occupancy type Construction Extent of fire Time of day Characteristics of the building Successful rescue? |
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Term
| What are 2 things to consider for a successful rescue? |
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Definition
Risk vs. gain exposing rescuers to hazardous conditions |
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Term
| What do you consider when searching for a firefigher? |
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Definition
Company position assignment |
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Term
| What rule is employed when performing a search? |
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Definition
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Term
| If an "X" and a # are found on a door inside a building, what does this mean? |
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Definition
| That the search has already taken place by a given company |
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Term
| What is the most important step in a search? |
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Definition
| Developing a plan prior to entry |
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Term
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Definition
Hose line advance Nozzle fan, teather Left/right wall search |
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Term
| If the conditions permit, what should you do before lifting or pulling a downed firefighter out of a hazardous area? |
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Definition
| Shut down his/her PASS device and reset it |
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Term
| What type of burns pose the greatest risk to firefighters? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sythetic materials have a tendency to burn much hotter and faster than ordinary combustibles. What is this figure? |
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Definition
| Synthetics will burn 2 to 3 times hotter & faster that ordinary combustibles |
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Term
| If flashover occurs, firefighters can be exposed to temperatures of... |
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Definition
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Term
| A sudden room or area involvement in flame, or the sudden ignition of combustible surfaces/gases in an area heated by convection and/or radiation resulting in a sudden and intense rise in temperature is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before flashover occurs is known as... |
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Definition
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Term
| The rapid spread of flame over one or more surfaces during a fire is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fire condition needs only a draft, a little more oxygen to mix and produce an ignitable mixtutre, and often occurs after unsuccessful ventilation and extinguishment operations? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a true backdraft, the oxygen levels will fall between what range? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an effort to prevent a flashover, what nozzle technique do firefighters use to cool the upper atmosphere of the structure, as well as to not disturb the thermal layering? |
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Definition
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Term
| The rapid oxidation producing heat, light, and products of combustion is more simply known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The three items that make up the fire triangle are... |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the fire tetrahedron? |
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Definition
Fuel (reducing agent) Temperature Oxygen (oxidizing agent) Chemical chain reaction |
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Term
| A form of energy associated with molecular movement is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree F @ sea level is called... |
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Definition
| British thermal unit (BTU) |
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Term
| Name the 4 sources of heat. |
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Definition
Chemical Electrical Mechanical Nuclear |
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Term
| What are the ways that heat can be transferred? |
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Definition
Convection Conduction Radiation |
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Term
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Definition
Heat is trasferred through a medium, usually by direct contact. (A frying pan handle becomes hot during cooking) |
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Term
| The speed and efficieny of heat transfer depends on... |
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Definition
type of material intensity of heat duration of exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves. It requires no medium and moves in all directions. (The sun heating the Earth) |
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Term
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Definition
The transfer of heat via a liquid or gaseous medium (A boiler using water to heat the radiator within a building) |
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Term
| Within a structure, which form of heat transfer is the most significant cause of fire spread? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Any substance that will produce heat during combustion (AKA reducing agent) |
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Term
| What is a reducing agent? |
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Definition
| Substances that are capable of reducing an oxidizer and losing electrons in the process |
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Term
| List the 3 physical forms of fuel. |
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Definition
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Term
| Before a fuel can burn, what must happen to it? |
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Definition
The fuel must first be vaporized. (Solids & liquids give off flammable gases which burn) |
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Term
| How are fires classified? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the classes of fires. |
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Definition
Class A: Ordinary combustibles Class B: Flammable liquids and/or gases Class C: Energized electrical equipment Class D: Combustible metals |
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Term
| All fuels have one common characteristic. What is it? |
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Definition
| They all have an ignition temperature |
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Term
| Describe ignition temperature. |
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Definition
| The minimum temperature required to achieve self sustained combustion, independent of a heat source. |
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Term
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Definition
| The slow combination of a material with oxygen resulting in the liberation of both products of combustion and heat energy |
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Term
| What happens if heat is added to the oxidation process? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Oxygen is a flammable gas. |
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Definition
False Oxygen supports and assits in the combustion process |
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Term
| What are the effects of oxygen content on combustion? |
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Definition
21%: intensifies combustion process 16-21%: open burning with flame production 10-15%: smoldering with minimal flame production; inefficient combustion 0-9%: combustion does not take place |
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Term
| How does oxygen depletion affect human beings? |
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Definition
21%: no effect/normal condition 19.5%: OSHA legal limit requiring SCBA 17%: some impairment of muscular coordination; higher respiratory rate to compensate for lower oxygen levels 12%: Dizziness, headache, fatigue 9%: unconsciousness 6%: death within a few minutes (respiratory and heart failure) |
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Term
| How are oxidizers classified? |
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Definition
NFPA classifies oxidizers into 4 classes Class I: slight increase in buring rate Class IV: able to undergo explosive reactions |
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Term
| Steam can cause full thickness burns to unprotected skin with less than___ seconds exposure. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to training bulletin 90, there are three things that are keys to safety. What are they? |
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Definition
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Term
| The condition of a body that determines whether it will transfer heat to or receive heat from another body is... |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Heat always moves from cooler bodies to warmer bodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| The # of british thermal units (BTU) required to raise the temperature of one pound of a substance one degree F is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
Water's latent heat of fusion in BTU's is what? Water's latent heat of vaporization is what? |
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Definition
143 BTU's (Fusion) 970 BTU's (Vaporization) |
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Term
| True or False: Fire produces its highest temperature during the fully developed stage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal ceiling height in most dwellings? |
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Definition
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Term
| Firefighter survival begins with what three things? |
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Definition
Pre-fire planning Preparation Training |
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Term
| Typically when fighting a structure fire, how should you initiate fire attack? |
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Definition
| From the uninvolved to the involved |
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Term
| Which part of the fire must be hit with water to obtain a knockdown? |
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Definition
| The seat or base of the fire |
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Term
| In an emergency traffic situation, what channel does the radio change to when you press the orange button? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three "clear text" terms used for a firefighter in trouble @ an emergency? |
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Definition
Firefighter down firefighter missing firefighter trapped |
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Term
| What are the 4 ways to track the accountability of personnel and equipment? |
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Definition
Tac channel MDT (mobile data terminal) Personnel accountability report (PAR) Radio ID # |
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Term
| If an immediate evacuation is ordered, what is the air horn signal pattern? |
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Definition
10 seconds duration/10 seconds silence Blasted 3 times total duration of 50 seconds |
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Term
| What is the most common error made by members at emergencies? |
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Definition
| Being hurried when making a size-up |
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Term
| What is your primary duty at an emergency? |
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Definition
| Minimize the loss of life & property |
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Term
| What is the expansion ratio of water? |
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Definition
| @ 212 degrees F, a cubic foot of water expands 1700 times its original volume |
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Term
| How is pressure measured? |
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Definition
ID as a force or energey measured in PSI (pounds per square inch) 3 types of pressure: static flow residual |
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Term
| Define residual pressure? |
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Definition
| That part of the total available pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while forcing water through pipe, fittings, hose, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure that is lost while forcing water through pipe, fittings, hose, & adapters. |
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Term
What is the discharge capacity for the following size hose diameters? 1" 1 1/2" 2 1/2" 3 1/2" |
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Definition
1": 30GPM 1 1/2": 100GPM 2 1/2": 250GPM 3 1/2": 750GPM |
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Term
| How is discharge calculated? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The sudden stoppage of water flow through a hose line subjecting it to a high pressure surge that travels rapidly through the line. (May cause damage) |
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Term
| How can you best ID a straight stream nozzle? |
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Definition
| By the diameter of the nozzle tip being used. |
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Term
| How can you best ID a spray nozzle? |
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Definition
| By the size of hose coupling and their flow rate in GPM |
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Term
| What is the GPM of a straight stream nozzle found on a 2 1/2" hoseline with a 1 1/4" tip? |
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Definition
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Term
For heavy stream appliances, what is the GPM for the following tip sizes? 1 1/2" 1 3/4" 2" |
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Definition
1 1/2": 600GPM 1 3/4": 800GPM 2": 1000GPM |
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