Term
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Definition
| the part of the lower limb between knee and ankle joints |
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Term
| what is the bony framework of the leg? |
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Definition
| tibia and fibula connected by an interosseous membrane |
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Term
| what is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the interosseous membrane? |
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Definition
| dense fibrous oblique membrane that joins the bodies of the tibia and fibula (syndesmosis) |
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Term
| what is the function of the interosseous membrane? |
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Definition
| provides attachment for muscles and compartmentalizes the leg |
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Term
| how is the leg divided into compartments? |
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Definition
| by septa that arise from the crural fascia |
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Term
| what are the 3 compartments of the leg? |
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Definition
| anterior, lateral, posterior |
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Term
| what are the muscles of the anterior compartment? |
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Definition
| dorsiflexors and extensors of the toes |
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Term
| what are the muscles of the lateral compartment |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 sub compartments of the posterior compartment? |
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Definition
| superficial and deep compartments |
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Term
| what are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg/ |
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Definition
| invertors/plantar flexors of the foot |
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Term
| what/where is the soleal line? |
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Definition
| rough diagonal ridge on posterior side of tibia for muscular attachments |
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Term
| where/what is the posterior intercondylar area? |
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Definition
| posterior proximal portion of tibia; for attachment of posterior cruciate ligament |
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Term
| what does the medial malleolus articulate with? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the purpose of the fibula? |
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Definition
| for muscular attachment; non weight bearing; helps stabilize ankle joint |
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Term
| what does head of fibula articulate with? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does lateral malleolus articulate with? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the bones of the foot? |
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Definition
| tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges |
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Term
| how many tarsal bones are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many metatarsals are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many phalanges are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the popliteal fossa? |
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Definition
| diamond shaped depression on posterior aspect of knee |
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Term
| what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa? |
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Definition
| superiorly: biceps femoris and semitendinosus/semimembranosus; inferiorly: medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius; roof: fascia and skin; floor: popliteal surface of the femur, joint capsule, popliteus muscle |
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Term
| what are the contents of the popliteal muscle? |
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Definition
| popliteal vessels (continuation of femoral vessels), tibial and common fibular nerves (branches of sciatic nerve), small saphenous vein, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves, lymph nodes and vessels |
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Term
| what is the path of the small saphenous vein? |
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Definition
| comes from lateral foot then joins popliteal vein in popliteal fossa |
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Term
| what do medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves form? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| painful, benign masses that protrude from the posterior aspect of the knee |
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Term
| what usually causes baker's cysts? |
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Definition
| usually occur in knees following previous injury such as cartilage tear or chronic arthritis that results in increased synovial fluid |
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Term
| what happens in a baker's cyst? |
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Definition
| increased synovial fluid can accumulate in a small bursa surrounding the joint, compressing neurovascular structures |
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Term
| how are baker's cysts treated? |
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Definition
| eliminating underlying knee pathology, aspiration, surgical removal |
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Term
| how is posterior compartment of the leg further divided? |
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Definition
| superficial and deep compartments |
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Term
| what muscles are in the superficial posterior group? |
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Definition
| gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris |
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Term
| what is the action of the muscles in the posterior superficial compartment of the leg? |
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Definition
| plantar flex the ankle (stand on tip toes) |
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Term
| what nerve innervates the plantarflexors? |
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Definition
| tibial nerve S1, S2, I'm taller than you (from standing on toes) |
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Term
| describe the gastrocnemius |
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Definition
| fusiform muscle with 2 heads, crosses knee and ankle, produces rapid plantar flexion (as in jumping) |
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Term
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Definition
| very powerful but slow plantar flexor/slow twitch fibrs |
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Term
| what is the triceps surae? |
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Definition
| 2 heads of gastroc + soleus |
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Term
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Definition
| tendons of soleus + gastroc (tendon of triceps surae), inserts into calcaneal tuberosity |
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Term
| what is the main function of the plantaris? |
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Definition
| proprioception; also assists with knee flexion and plantar flexion |
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Term
| what is the funciton of the muscles of the deep posterior group of the lower leg? |
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Definition
| plantarflexion, flex toes, invert foot |
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Term
| what are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg/ |
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Definition
| popliteus, tibilais posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor retinaculum |
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Term
| describe the functions/actions of the popliteus |
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Definition
| forms part of the floor of the popliteal fossa; flexor of the knee; when the knee is fully extended the popliteus rotates the femur laterally about 5 degrees so that flexion can occur |
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Term
| what muscle unlocks the knee from extension so that flexion can occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the functions/actions of the tibialis posterior? |
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Definition
| helps support longitudinal arch of the foot, plantarflexes and inverts the foot |
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Term
| what does flexor digitorum longus do in the foot? |
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Definition
| divides into 4 tendons and inserts into base of distal phalanges 2-5 |
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Term
| describe flexor hallucis longus |
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Definition
| powerful push-off muscle (ballet dancing), courses under sustentaculum tali of calcaneous, inserts into distal phalanx of hallux |
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Term
| what do the tendonds of the flexor hallucis longs, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior pass trhough? |
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Definition
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Term
| what goes around the tarsal tunnel? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what 5 things go trhough tarsal tunnel? |
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Definition
| tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis long us (Tom, Dick AN Harry from anterior to posterior) |
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Term
| what are the 2 terminal branches of the sciatic nerve? |
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Definition
| tibial nerve, common fibular nerve |
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Term
| describe the path of the tibial nerve |
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Definition
| branches from sciatic nerve, courses through popliteal fossa and innervates ALL posterior compartment muscles of the leg, enters foot through tarsal tunnel, terminates as medial and lateral plantar nerves (in popliteal fossa, gives off media sural cutaneous nerve) |
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Term
| which nerve innervates ALL the posterior compartment muscles of the leg? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the path of the common fibular nerve |
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Definition
| branches from sciatic nerve, courses around head of fibula, divides into superficial fibular and deep fibular branches at neck of fibula (in popliteal fossa, gives rise to lateral sural cutaneous nerve) |
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Term
| where is the common fibular nerve vulnerable to injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the superficial fibular nerve |
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Definition
| innervates lateral compartment muscles and supplies sensation to the dorsum of the foot |
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Term
| describe the path of the deep fibular nerve |
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Definition
| branches from the common fibular nerve at neck of fibula, innervates anterior compartment muscles and supples sensation between the 1st and 2nd toes |
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Term
| which nerve helps you feel your flip flops between your 1st and 2nd toes? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the formation of the sural nerve |
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Definition
| medial sural cutaneous nerve branches from tibial nerve, lateral sural cutaneous nerve branches from common fibular nerve; both sural nerves provide sensation along posterior/lateral lower leg; medial and lateral cutaneous sural nerves join to form sural nerve |
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Term
| what does the sural nerve course with in the lower leg? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the nerve roots of the sural nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the sural nerve do? |
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Definition
| provides sensation along lower leg and lateral aspect of the foot |
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Term
| what nerve provides sensation on posterior upper leg? |
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Definition
| posterior femoral cutaneous nerve |
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