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| traditional democrat, most people could govern if they could afford to and were allowed |
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| ruling and governing takes intelligence, democratic government is ruled by the many thus it is ruled by the stupid, pilot analogy, if the majority was intelligent and experienced then democracy would be ideal. |
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"essay on the end to a civil government": rulers are under control of the governed, governed have the right to revolution. "an essay concerning human understanding": humans are born as blank slates, experiences are recorded on theses slates, experiences form our minds. "the letter concerning toleration": intolerance revolves around idea of 1 supreme religion, separation of church and state, worst form of government would be a theocracy. "two treaties of government": 1st- monarchs are like fathers and subjects are children, Locke demolishes this idea. 2nd- constructs an argument for private property: 2 targets- royal absolutist and primitive communist. No matter what state of nature you are in you still have yourself therefore you have private property. when you mix your labor with nature it is your property. two limitations- use and spoil. difference between property and possession- property+right, possession= fact. |
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| protestant reformation, not srtict following of religious doctrine but faith and faith alone. |
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| "oceana": balnced government, frequent elections, society based on laws, republican. |
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| "common sense": government is a necessary evil, give me liberty or give me death. |
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| "origin of species", natural selection, survival of the fittest. |
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"a theory of justice": veil of ignorance, society where no one knows age/gender/status, although everyone will act out of self interest no one will be able to stack the deck b/c they do not know what will benefit. In this society people will still strive for two things: equally free, and equality of opportunity. |
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| has potential to turn into tyranny, compares democracy to a feast, democracy was unstable. |
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| "leviathan": puts politics in scientific setting, no such thing as collective thought each person is driven by self interest, 1 interset above all= survival, greatest fear= death, do onto others BEFORE others do onto you, people value security over freedom, savy people will choose secure government over absolute freedom, government is an inevitable result of self interest, liberty is the freedom to do what you want within the restraints of the law, never underestimate the power of fear. |
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| first woman's advocate. "On Liberty": what are individuals limits on liberty, to what extent could government oppose limits on liberty, only reason to impose on liberty is to prevent harm, government could only reason with those harming themselves, self regarding acts and other regarding acts, always error on the side of individual liberty, punishment should fit the crime. |
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| survival of the fittest, the drunk belongs in the gutter, by punishing the fortunate and helping the weak you weaken society. |
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"Anarchy, State, and Utopia": all have rights that are worng to violate, can there ever be a government or state that does not violate the people's rights, minimal state, everything becomes private and each liberty costs a fee. |
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| "wealth of nations", "theory of moral sentiments": morals are the glue that hold society together- love, compassion, etc..., at times we act economically with self interest but other times like with family and friends we act selflessly, important to keep these to spheres distinct and separate, taxes are beneficial, capitalism. |
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| maximize pleasure, minimize pain, punishment fit the crime, prison reformer, developed penaptagon prisons- guards could observ every action all day, exposure and shame would prevent prisoners from acting up, hero to modern animal rights. |
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| "the discourse": equal classes and everyone working together, most dangerous aspect of government is citizen complacency, sitizens must stay attentive and must have the right to assemble, laws rather than majority it is majority responsibility to uphold laws, gave birth to the principle of checks and balances. |
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opposed spencer and sumner, liberty was only 1 desired value among many- equality charity etc..., freedom is not only free from barriers but also freedom to achieve goals, we should all equally be able to use liberty but not all our equally able, in order to have liberty and equality of opportunity some need headstarts, Positive vs Negative liberty, government should not gurantee result but it should gurantee equal opportunity. |
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