Term
| Nephrologic/Glomerular hematuria |
|
Definition
significant proteinuria (>1 gm/24 hrs)
Dysmorphic RBCs
Red cell casts
Warrants a nephrology evaluation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Benign
Present in 50% of people over 50
Typically asymptomatic
No treatment required unless very large and causing pain |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Benign solid renal tumor
Frequently associated with tuberous sclerosis
Typically an incidental finding on imaging study
spontaneous bleeds occur in 10%
Presence of fat rules out RCC and is diagnostic of AML |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Benign tumor derived from distal tubules
Looks like RCC and must be treated surgically |
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Term
| Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) |
|
Definition
Most lethal of all GU cancers
Metastatic disease has poor prognosis (0-15% 5 year survival rate) - most common site of metastasis is the lungs
Tobacco use is a risk factor
majority of cases are sporadic/idiopathic
associated with Von Hippel Lindau disease |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| most common tumor subtype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
urgency
frequency
dysuria
hematuria
foul-smelling urine
suprapubic pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leukocye esterase
Nitrate
Blood, gross or microscopic
>10 WBCs/HPF |
|
|
Term
| Interstitial Cystitis (Painful Bladder Syndrome) |
|
Definition
| Syndrome of chronic pain, pressure or discomfort associated with the bladder - no identifiable cause |
|
|
Term
| Interstitial Cystitis symptoms |
|
Definition
Urinary frequency
Nocturia
Pain with bladder filling
Pelvic floor tension
Hematuria
Small bladder capacity |
|
|
Term
| Interstitial Cystitis - associated disorders |
|
Definition
Fibromyalgia
IBS
Endometriosis
Vulvodynia
Multiple allergies |
|
|
Term
| Interstitial Cystitis - etiology |
|
Definition
Increased mast cell concentration in bladder - histamine irritates the bladder
Deficiency in GAG layer in bladder lumen
Neurogenic hypersensitivity at the level of the bladder of sacral SC
Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Second most common GU cancer
Male:female = 2.5:1
Mean age at diagnosis = 70
smoking is #1 risk factor (50% of cases) |
|
|
Term
| Noninvasive bladder cancer (Ta, T1, CIS) |
|
Definition
70% of all bladder cancers
70-80% of these recur
5 year survival rate - 80-100% |
|
|
Term
| Muscle invasive bladder and metastatic bladder cancer |
|
Definition
Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is the gold standard
Metastatic disease has poor prognosis with 5 year survival rate of 5-30% |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| mediate prostatic smooth muscle tone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most important zone in BPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acute urinary retention
Renal insufficiency
Chronic/recurrent UTIs
Uncontrolled gross hematuria/clot retention
Bladder caliculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha antagonists - works right away
5-alpha reductase inhibitors - works over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common solid organ cancer in men
age is strongest risk factor
more likely in african-americans
Sites of metastasis - Lungs (first organ it goes to), Pelvic lymph nodes, bone
First malignancy found to be hormone dependant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enzyme produced by prostatic epithelial cells
specific to prostate but elevations are not specific to cancer |
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