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Pre-AP English 10 Summer Work
Summer assignment for Marie Franklin's class
124
Literature
10th Grade
01/05/2013

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Cards

Term
Flat Characterization
Definition
a simple character that is one-dimensional (shows on trait)
Term
Round Characterization
Definition
a complex character that is multi-dimensional (displays many traits)
Term
Static Characterization
Definition
a character that stays the same from the beginning to the end of a work
Term
Dynamic Characterization
Definition
a character that changes from the beginning to the end of a work
Term
Protagonist
Definition
the main character of a work
Term
Antagonist
Definition
the character that opposes the main character of a work
Term
Character Foil
Definition
a character that acts as an opposite to another character and, because of this, emphasizes the differences between them
Term
Narrator POV
Definition
a storyteller of any kind
Term
First Person POV
Definition
the narrator tells a story from his perspective and refers to himself as "I"
Term
Third Person Limited POV
Definition
the narrator knows the actions, feelings, and motivations of only one or a handful of characters
Term
Third Person Omniscient POV
Definition
the narrator knows all the actions, feelings, and motivations of all the characters
Term
Exposition
Definition
the point in a plot when background information is revealed
Term
Inciting Incident
Definition
introduces the major conflict in a work
Term
Rising Action
Definition
the early part of the story which builds momentum and develops the story's main conflict
Term
Climax
Definition
the moment of the highest tension in the story
Term
Falling Action
Definition
the latter part of th narrative in which the protagonist responds to the events of the climax
Term
Resolution
Definition
an ending that satisfactorily answers all questions raised over the course of the plot
Term
Internal Conflict
Definition
(man vs. self)
Term
External Conflict
Definition
(man vs. man/fate/society/etc.)
Term
Verbal Irony
Definition
the use of a statement that implies its opposite
Term
Situational Irony
Definition
a technique in which one understanding of a situation stands in sharp contrast to another
Term
Dramatic Irony
Definition
a technique in which the author lets the audience or reader in on a character's situation while the character himself remains in the dark
Term
Symbol
Definition
a concrete thing that is used to represent an abstract idea or concept
Term
Metaphor
Definition
a direct comparison between two unlike things
Term
Simile
Definition
an indiret comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as"
Term
Personification
Definition
giving human attributes to animals, objects, or ideas
Term
Mood
Definition
 the atmosphere of a work (as the reader experiences it)
Term
Tone
Definition
a writer's attitude toward his/her subject
Term
Diction
Definition
a writer's word choices
Term
Denotation
Definition
the dictionary definition of a word
Term
Connotation
Definition
the implied, suggested, or "loaded" meaning attached to a word
Term
Foreshadowing
Definition
hints about what will happen later in the story
Term
Flashback
Definition
an event or scene taking place before the present time in the narrative
Term
Setting
Definition
the time and place in which a story occurs
Term
Theme
Definition
the central, universal idea explored in a literary work
Term
Allegory
Definition
a story with multiple levels of meaning - a literal level (what is ACTUALLY happening in the story) and a deeper, more symbolic level (commenting on religion, society, politics, etc.)
Term
Syntax
Definition
the way the writer chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences
Term
Rhetorical Question
Definition
a question asked to emphasize a point, with no answer really expected
Term
Appeal to Ethos
Definition
an appeal to a person's character, credibility, sincerity, or trustworthiness
Term
Appeal to Pathos
Definition
an appeal to a person's emotions
Term
Appeal to Logos
Definition
an appeal to a person's sense and logic
Term
Pathetic Fallacy
Definition
when events that are happening in nature (the setting) mimic what is happening in the plot of a story
Term
Analogy
Definition
a comparison between two things in which the more complex  is explained in terms of the more simple
Term
Oxymoron
Definition
the association of two contrary terms side by side
Term
Paradox
Definition
a statement that appears to be contradictory or absurd on the surface, but actually expresses a deeper truth
Term
Hyperbole
Definition
an excessive overstatement or exaggeration
Term
Anachronism
Definition
anything out of its proper historical time
Term
Biblical Allusion
Definition
a reference to the Bible (also called, more generally, religious allusion)
Term
Classical Allusion
Definition
a reference to Greek or Roman mythology
Term
Historical Allusion
Definition
a reference to an important historical event
Term
Literary Allusion
Definition
a reference to a famous work of literature
Term
Narration
Definition
writing that tells a story
Term
Description
Definition
writing that describes
Term
Persuasion/Argumentation
Definition
writing that tries to convince the reader of a particular point
Term
Exposition
Definition
writing that explains
Term
Speaker
Definition
the author, speaker, or person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing
Term
Persona
Definition
the speaker, voice, or character assumed by an author (the "mask" the writer wears when telling the story)
Term
Stanza
Definition
grouping of lines in a poem
Term
Couplet
Definition
two successive rhymed lines that are equal in length
Term
Quatrain
Definition
a four-line stanza
Term
Sestet
Definition
a six-line stanza
Term
Octave
Definition
an eight-line stanza
Term
Rhyme Scheme
Definition
the pattern of rhyme in a poem
Term
Slant Rhyme
Definition
an imperfect rhyme
Term
Alliteration
Definition
repetition of similar sounds at the beginning of words
Term
Assonance
Definition
repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sequence of nearby words
Term
Consonance
Definition
repetition of similar consonant sounds in a sequence of nearby words
Term
Onomatopoeia
Definition
the use of words that sound like the thing they refer to
Term
Euphony
Definition
a pleasing arrangement of sounds
Term
Cacophony
Definition
the clash of harsh sounds within a sentence or phrase
Term
End-Stopped Line
Definition
when there is a break at the end of a line of poetry indicated by a comma, period, semicolon, or other punctuation mark
Term
Caesura
Definition
an abrupt break in the middle of a line of poetry
Term
Enjambment
Definition
a line of poetry that continues into the next line with no break
Term
Refrain
Definition
a phrase or group of lines that is repeated at significant moments in a poem
Term
Dialogue
Definition
speech between two or more characters
Term
Monologue
Definition
speech from one person
Term
Interior Monologue
Definition
a record of a character's thoughts
Term
Aside
Definition
when a character in a play speaks directly to the audience, but the other characters on the stage cannot hear his words
Term
Soliloquy
Definition
when a character, alone on the stage, speaks her thoughts aloud
Term
Act
Definition
the major (larger) section into which a play is divided
Term
Scene
Definition
the smaller sections into which an act is divided
Term
Stage Directions
Definition
instructions written into the script of a play, indicating stage actions, movements of performers, or production requirements
Term
Adonis
Definition
a very handsome young man 
Term
Aegis
Definition
shield or protection; sponsorship 
Term
Amazon
Definition
tall, strong, bold woman 
Term
Chimerical
Definition
fantastical; unreal; impossible; absurd
Term
Elysian
Definition
delightful, blissful, heavenly
Term
Herculean
Definition
very difficult; requiring the strength of Hercules
Term
Hermetic
Definition
airtight; secret; mysterious; magical
Term
Iridescent
Definition
having colors like the rainbow
Term
Jovial
Definition
jolly; merry; good-humored
Term
Labyrinthine
Definition
full of confusing passageways; intricate; complicated
Term
Laconic
Definition
using words sparingly; concise
Term
Lethargic
Definition
unnaturally drowsy; sluggish; dull
Term
Mercurial
Definition
inconstant; unstable; subject to rapid and unpredictable mood changes
Term
Narcissistic
Definition
in love with oneself; excessively fascinated and gratified by one's own physical and mental qualities
Term
Nemesis
Definition
one who inflicts punishment for evil deeds
Term
Odyssey
Definition
long series of wanderings or travels
Term
Paean
Definition
song or hymn of praise, joy, or triumph
Term
Protean
Definition
assuming different forms or shapes
Term
Saturnine
Definition
heavy; dull; sullen; gloomy; melancholy
Term
Tantalize
Definition
to tease or excite a hope but prevent its fulfillment
Term
The Muses
Definition
someone's source of inspiration, especially in artistic, creative endeavors
Term
Prometheus/Promethean
Definition
brave resistance to authority or rebellion against the established order of the universe
Term
Delphic Oracle
Definition
a prediction or message that is ambiguous and difficult to interpret
Term
Medusa
Definition
refers to a repulsive or terrifying woman
Term
Sisyphus/Sisyphean
Definition
a seemingly endless, perhaps useless task
Term
Scylla and Charybdis
Definition
to be caught between two equal dangers in which avoiding one means getting closer to the other
Term
Achilles' Heel
Definition
a person's area of particular vulnerability
Term
Sirens
Definition
anything that tempts a person away from safety and toward a destructive path
Term
Icarus/fly too close to the sun
Definition
to fall or be destroyed because of lack of caution and excessive ambition
Term
Eos/Aurora
Definition
goddess of the Dawn
Term
Apollo
Definition
god of music and poetry
Term
Hecate
Definition
goddess of witchcraft
Term
Hebe/Juventas
Definition
goddess of youth
Term
Atlas
Definition
a very strong person
Term
Cerberus
Definition
a dog with three heads who stood at the gates of the underworld and let dead souls in but not out
Term
The Fates
Definition
three women who had the power to decide how long people would live and what happened to them
Term
Harpies
Definition
a nagging woman
Term
Laocoon
Definition
the priest in Troy and the Trojan War who warned of Greeks bearing gifts (the Trojan Horse)
Term
Nymphs
Definition
a beautiful woman
Term
Pandora
Definition
a curious, gifted woman who opened the box she was supposed to leave shut and let out all the evils of mankind except Hope
Term
Phoenix
Definition
anyone who rises above severe problems
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