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precal chapter 5.5-00
exam 2 materia
72
Mathematics
Undergraduate 1
03/02/2011

Additional Mathematics Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
formula for period of sin/cos
Definition

2pi/ absoulute B

 

where be is only going to be a positve integer

Term
graph of sin
Definition
[image]
Term
-a means what
Definition
the amplitude of the graph is flipped over the x-axis, but amplitude as a numer is still highest positive number
Term
what does a -bx do to the graph
Definition
causes it to flip over x axis, multiplies the cycles by B
Term
formula for phase shift
Definition
-c/b
Term
graph of cos
Definition
[image]
Term
moving the graph up by C changes tha amplitude how?
Definition
it does not change the amplitude
Term
what is the function of PHASE SHIFTING
Definition

phase shifting moves the whole graph either left or right of (C)

[image]

Term
what is the is the direction of a positive phase shift
Definition

A positive phase shift is a shift to the right


Term
what is a negative phase shift
Definition
and a negative phase shift is a shift to the left
Term

find the amplitude period phase shift and full plot for (m=4 n=6)

[image]

Definition

amp= n

period = one full cycle = 2mn

phase shift can be determined by logic- if originally sin graph starts at 0 and moves to one, this graph starts at o to -1 (INVERSED) so we know a shift occurred

+ ps.= moves to R

-PS= moves to the Left

PS= -4n bec it moved one complete peak

 

-to write out formula work backwards: if period

8pi=pi/b solve for b plug into

if phase shift =

-c/b=-4n ,solve for c etc.

 

questions: why is phase shift n as answer and pos in formula???

 

Term
how do you find period of a tan graph
Definition
The normal period is π but if something is multiplied by x, you'd divide π by what's being multiplied (since that is the frequency and period = π / frequency)
Term
if there is a mpix to find the period you usually divide by 2pi/mx, so if there is pi on top and bottom go ahead and cancel
Definition
Term
how does the B effect the sin graph?
Definition
the period will change depending on the B being divided by 2pi.

it can either shrink the graph and create several waves, or less waves that are more lagging.
Term
how does a negative period affect a sin/cos graph?
Definition
it reflects the graph through the x axis
Term
what does a negative A do to a sin/cos graph
Definition
reflects it over the x-axis

remember:

sin(-x) = -sinx vice versa
Term
when working with sinusoidal waves (cos/ sin) finding period and phase shift, if you wanted to know what the points are for the beginniner and end of the new period with the phase shift included you can find it by adding the phase shift with old period. THIS WILL GIVE YOU INTERVALS OF NEW PERIOD)
Definition
Term
formula to find intervals of COS GRAPHS
Definition
-pi/2 < bx+c < 3pi/2
Term
formula for finding intervals of sin graph with phase shift
Definition
0< bx+c < 2pi solve for x gives you intervals
Term
also waterer you subtract or add from the middle you have to do it to both of the ends.
Definition
Term
how you determine the period by looking at the graph
Definition
you can determine the period by looking at one end of the tail and following through till one period. This will give you period of one cycle by looking at the graph


from there you can determine the other compoents:

phase contrast and such.
Term
formula to find interval of tan
Definition
-pi/2 < parenthesis < pi/2
Term
formula to find new interval of cot
Definition
0 < bx+c < pi
Term
formula to find intervals of csc
Definition
0 < bx+c < 2pi
Term
equation to solve for intervals of sec
Definition
-pi/2 < bx+ c < 3pi/2
Term
to find x I of tangent
Definition
divide the period by 2 and add it with one of the intervals, you reasoning and logic in finding this because it can be very confusing.
Term
finding x intervals of x
Definition
-pi/2 < bx+c < pi/2

because these are going to be the ones were points will go beyond a normal cos graph
Term
period of inverse sin/cos
Definition
pi
Term
how to determine where tan is undefined and where it's x axis is using class room method
Definition
1. bx+c = pi/4 *n (x value
2. make a chartL n /x / bx+c / full atan(bx+c) (y-value)
3. solve for x using n= [-2,2]
4. plug x value in for bx+C
5. plug x into (y) atanbx+c

this will give you the points where tan is undefined and it's x and y intercepts
Term
what is the domain and range of cot?

DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COT.
Definition
x cannot = pi/n where n is an integer (cannot be 2pi 3pi 4pi)
range is all real numbers (-00, 00)

Cotangent Function:           
    One cycle occurs between 0 and pi .(PERIOD)          

    period:
    amplitude:  none, graphs go on forever in vertical directions
    The x-intercepts of the graph of y = tan(x) are the asymptotes of the graph of y = cot(x).
      The asymptotes of the graph of y = tan(x) are the x-intercepts of the graph of y = cot(x).
      The graphs of  y = tan(x) and  y = cot(x) have the same x-values for y-values of 1 and -1.
Term
DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEC

domain
range
period
Definition
asymptotes repeat every pi units/ period = 2 pi/ there is no amplitude. infinite.  

DOMAIN: X CANNOT = PIn

range (-00,-1] U [1, oo)

period= 2 pi
Term

while doing verification on 6.1 if you see one side with the numerator in the format


(1+c1) or (1-c1) use the foil of trigometric function


c2+s2 =1

 

but take the invere sign of the problem

Definition
Term

if you see a problem with cubes solve

 

sin3 + cos3 what do you do?

Definition

 

law of cubes:

foil

 

(sin1 +cos1 ) (sin2 - sincos+cos2 )

 

take the opp of the sign on first part

sin2 + cos2 =1 ; solve from there

Term
If you get stuck in the middle of a verification what can you do
Definition
stop and solve from R to L, meeting in the middle
Term
when solving verification proofs that require you to show that they don't equal something what should you take into consideration
Definition
sort* 1- sin2theta DOES NOT equal costheta in certain quadrants such as pi/f
Term
given a trig function how do you find all solutions of the equation in [0,2pi]?
Definition
1. solve for angle using the trig equation
2. find out the radian measure for angle
3. look at quadrant--> neg or positive trig
4. find all possible solutions be reference angle formula
Term
how do you determine all solutions of tanu=-1 (steps)
Definition
1. for finding solutions problems, draw trig circle
2. find out the degrees of tanu=-1 by inverse
3. look at degrees on table, plug into calculator until you get au=-1
add pi to graph variables to find out solutions giving the answer
Term
how do you solve trigonometric equation involving multiple angles pg 470
Definition
solve for angle
solve for x
look at unit circle to determine where theta = 0
make chart n/x/x in degrees
solve for all angles withing [0,2pi)
Term
when does costheta=costheta
Definition
all values except theta=pi/2 + piN
Term
if you have #theta wait till you get all of the angles which it can be true for equation before dividing by 2
Definition
Term
when asking for cofunction of a complementary angle, What does this mean??
Definition

cofunction means using the formula

sinO=Cos (pi/2 -O)

Term
cofunction of cosO
Definition
cosO-sin(pi/2 - O)
Term
cofunction of tan0
Definition
tanO=Cot(pi/2 - O)
Term

remember completementary comes before supplementary

 

C comes before S

 

90 comes before 180

Definition
Term
cofunction of secO
Definition
csc(pi/2 - O)
Term
2 square roots with different numbers inside will multiply to each other to form a new number (like regular multiplication)
Definition
Term
for tangent formula eventhough given a negative number we negate it
Definition
Term

for tan(x-pi/2) or tan(O-pi/2) inorder to verify tangent if original formula

(tan(u-v) =tanu -tanv / 1+ tanutanv) does not work

what can you do?

Definition

tan(u-v) = sin(u-v) /cos (u-v)

 

solve.

Term
what is the orgin of cos
Definition
pi/2 + n
Term
orgin of pi
Definition
pin
Term
orgin of tan
Definition
pi
Term
intervals of tan
Definition
[pi/2, -pi/2)
Term
how would you find the intervals of between [0,pi]  (sin4tcost = sintcos4t) using addion or subtraction formula
Definition

move right units over to left tran form into sin(4t-t)=  o sin's orgin is at pi so...

 

3t= pin

t= pi/3 so pi in intervals of 0-pi would be your answer

Term
double angle formula for sin2O
Definition
sin2O = 2sinOcosO
Term

3 double angle formulas for cos2O

 

special property to depend what quarant cos tan sin is in when using double angle??

Definition

cos 2α = cos2 α − sin2 α

 

cos2 α − sin2 α

= (1− sin2 α) − sin2 α

= 1− 2sin2 α

 

cos2 α − sin2 α

= cos2 α − (1 − cos2 α)

= 2cos2 α − 1

 

multiply given angle by 2 inorder to determine positive or negative quadrant


Term

cos 2α = cos2 α − sin2 α

 

cos 2α = 1− 2sin2 α

 

cos 2α = 2cos2 α − 1

Definition
Term

 

sin(α + β) = sin(α + α) = sin 2α

Consider the RHS:

sin α cos β + cos α sin β

If we replace β with α, we obtain:

sin α cos α + cos α sin α = 2 (sin α cos α)

Definition
Term

basically for the double-angle formulas you are taking the previous formulas like cos(alpha +beta)= cosalphacosBeta -sinalphasin beta and making them all one angle alpha +alpha

 

tangent is the same way

Definition
Term
tan2O = 2tanO / 1 - tan^2 O
Definition
Term
half angle identities for sin cos and tan
Definition

[image]  or  [image]

[image]  or  [image]

[image]  or  [image]  or  [image]

Term

half angle formulas

 

Definition

[image]

[image]

[image]

 

replace x with x/2 for half angle identities

Term
for half angle formulas and identities you determine + or - by what?
Definition
depending on the quadrant containing the angle of radianmeasure TFv/2.
Term

for half angle formulas if given an alpha plug diretly into equation ignore sin or cos in respect to sin2 theta solve it as

 

(theta)2 NOT sin ^2 (theta)

Definition
Term

when you have a term of cos/sin 4u know that in the conversion to double angle formula u in formula will = 2u because

 

sin 4u= sin (2* 2u)

Definition

ex.

 

 

cos4u = cos (2* 2u) = 1-2sin^2 2u

Term
how do you show that a equation is NOT an identity
Definition

by proving that RS does not equal LS

 

chosing quadrant with different signs

Term

6.2 #9

 

find all solutions for

 

cos O = 1/secO

Definition

all values for which equation is defined except

O= pi/2 +pin

Term

6.2 # 11

 

2cos 2theta - Sqrt # = 0

 

find all solutions

Definition

use unit circle, whenever you find all the solutions = them up to 2theta and solve for theta!!!

 

2theta = xpi/x

theta= xpi/2x

Term
[image]

find solutions
Definition
all theta except pin
Term

remember if you have a square root in finding solutions you have to solve for all positive and negative answers!!!***

 

6.2

Definition
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