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| use of the senses to gather and record information about the structures and processes in the natural world |
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| recorded observations or items of data |
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a logical conclusion based on data
(may or may not be correct) |
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| data that consists of recorded measurements (always numbers) |
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data in the form of descrptions
-actions, colors, textures, and other traits not measured
(i.e. drawings, photos, or videos) |
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| any event that appears in the natural world and is of scientific significance or intrest |
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| a general conclusion supported by a large number of observations or data |
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| a suggested testable answer to a well defined question |
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a proposed outcome based on a given hypothesis
-usually given in the form of an "If...then statement" |
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| a procedure designed to test the validity of a given hypothesis |
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| a factor or condition that could affect the results of an experiment |
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a group or set in an experiment which has or is given the condition the experiment is designed to test
-this group is the one that is "different" from the normal group |
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a group or set in an experiment which has or is given the contrasting condition to the one the experiment is designed to test
-this group is used as a comparison to measure the effect of the experimental value |
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| an experiment that limits the effects of variables so that only one is being tested |
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| the simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element |
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a subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electric charge (+)
-one of two types of particles found in the nucleus of an atom |
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a subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electric charge (-)
-these particles are found outside the nucleus of an atom and are involved in chemical bonding |
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a subatomic particle that is electrically neutral (0)
-one of the two types of particles found in the nucleus of an atom |
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| the central core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons |
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number of protons in an atom's nucleus
-this number is unique for each element |
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| one of several forms of an element each containing the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
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| an isotope in which the nucleus decays over time, giving off radiation in the form of matter/energy |
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| two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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an atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing an electron or electrons
-charge is positive if electrons are lost and negative of they are gained |
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a chemical bond that occurs when an atoms transfers an electron to another atom
-these are held together by attration of opposite charges |
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| a chemical bond that forms when atoms share electrons |
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| breaking of old bonds and creating of new ones that result in the formation of new substances |
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| a compund or atom that is involved in a chemical reaction |
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| new material created as a result of a chemical reaction |
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| a chemical reaction in which two different elements are bonded together forming a compound (A+B=AB) |
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a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into its elements
-opposite of sythesis reaction (AB=A+B) |
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| single displacement reaction |
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| chemical reaction between element and compound (C+AB=AC+B) |
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| double displacement reaction |
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chemical reaction between a compound and a compound
(AB+CD=CA+BC) |
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| a molecule built upon a framework of carbon atoms (compounds produced by living things) |
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| a non-carbon based molecule (compunds that are not produced by living things) |
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| a class of organic molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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| a group of atoms wihtin a molecule that interacts in predictable ways (a structural building block that determines the characteristics of the compound) |
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| (water loving) a molecule that is attracted to water molecules |
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| (water fearing) a molecule that is repelled by water molecules |
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| a small, molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule |
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| a molecule consisting of a long chain of smaller molecular units (monomers) |
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| a class of organic compounds based on sugar molecules -many are polymers composed of sugar molecules |
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| a monomer composed of a simple sugar molecule |
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| a sugar composed of two monosaccharides |
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| a long polymer chain composed of simple sugar monomers |
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| a polysaccharide in plant cells that consists entirely of glucose monomers -serves as primary energy storage in plants |
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a polysaccharide in animal cells that consists of many glucose monomers
-serves as primary energy storage in animals |
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| a polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that reinforces the cell walls of plants -serves as structural component in plants |
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one of a class of water avoiding compound
-these are insoluble in water and include fats, oils, and steroids |
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| an organic compound consisting of a three carbon backbone (glycerol) attatched to three fatty acids |
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a fat in which all three aftty acids contain no double bonds and hold the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
-unsaturated fats contain double bonds in carbon chains of fatty acids |
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| a lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings |
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a steroid molecule present in the plasma membranes of animal cells
-this molecule helps plasma remain flexible |
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| a class of organic compounds that stores and carries important information used for cell function-DNA and RNA examples |
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| a building block of nucleic acid polymers |
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| a nucleotide composed of a single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with attatched functional groups |
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| 5 carbon ring shaped sugar |
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| the pentose found in the bases that make up DNA |
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| family of nitrogen bases based on a single ring of carbon and nitrogen -thymine+cytosine |
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| family of nitrogens based on a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms -adenine and guanine |
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| term that desribes the structure of DNA which consists of two strands of nucleotides wound about each other like a twisted ladder |
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nucleotide bases that must pair with each other in nucleic acids
-adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine |
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