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Lamentation GOTHIC Giotto di Bondone Arena Chapel ca. 1305 fresco Christ mourned after crucifiction tree=move into background stone wall=divides space angels react figures have weight/bodies portruding naturalism narration is important
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Tribute Money EARLY ITALIAN RENASSAINCE Massaccio Brancacci Chapel, santa maria del carmine ca. 1424-1427 fresco the book of Matthew scene christ meets tax collector chiaroschuro-contrast light/dark to model forms bright colors, varied poses
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Philosophy (school of Athens) HIGH ITALIAN RENASSIANCE Raphael stanza della segnatura 1509-1511 conversations between disciples (philosophy, theology, poetry, & law) arch frames group plato vs aristotle (r) subtle, places himself inside, great artist typical of high renn. roman barrel vaults classical gods even light distribution
linear perspective, artistotle and plato vanishing point bodies have weight plato=leonardo da vinci heraclitus=michaelangelo function:creating convo between subjects
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Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride NORTHERN RENAISSANCE Jan van Eyck 1434 oil on wood married in the home (painting=certificate) she wears a veil dog-->dog symbolizes fidelity will share bedroom after marriage arm on stomache=expectation of children takes off shoes (in the presence of God) oranges=fertility cap of bed (St. Margaret)=st. of fertility/child bearing candle light (one)=god is present mirror--> 2 witnesses
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The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) NORTHERN RENNAISANCE Albrecht Durer 1504 engraving printing expands audience (cheap copies) metal plate interested in cultural exchange revival of nude symbolism of 4 humors cat (bad temper) elk (melancholy) rabbit (passion/desire) fox (flagmatic/slow)
classicism & symbolism, wide range of classes (piety)
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Conversion of St. Paul BAROQUE ART Caravaggio Cerasi Chapel 1601 oil on canvas importance of realism blinded by light, hears words of God low horizontal line, viewer can step in tenebrism-dramatic light (unknown source)
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Elevation of the Cross BAROQUE ART Peter Paul Rubens 1610 oil on panel drama of the moment inspire devotion emphasis on colors (red, blue, yellow, gold) diagonal composition in center (drama) got help painting
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Las Meninas (the Maids of Honor) BAROQUE ART Diego Velazquez 1656 oil on canvas breaks rules, artist puts himself in very massive princess Margarita with attendants his space of work (studio) adult dwarves took care/entertained children see who influences her (sense of commun.) loosening of paint (gestural strokes-face detailed) suggestion of detail: clothes creates indiv. identity and shows status order of santiago (red cross)-->noble man painting of Ruben & Titian (foundation) education of princess (office of king phil IV) degrees of reality (mirror, pictures within pics) reflection: extends boundaries of reality
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The Company of Captain Frans Banning Coq (Nightwatch) BAROQUE ART Rembrandt van Rijn 1642 oil on canvas cropped from original, very massive varnishing canvas to protect paint Kloveniersdoelen (musket and claw)=malicia group--> politically powerful getting ready for parade (gear, clothing) showing personal Rembrandt wearing headdress in painting young angel-like woman (recently dead wife) parade for marie de medici realism influence of caravaggio
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The Swing ROCOCO ART Jean-Honore Fragonard 1766 oil on canvas prix de Rome-academic fellowship to go to rome and study classics playful scene trying to court her (not necc. moral) bishop=caretaker (make sure shes ok) man arranged to meet her kicking off shoe--> flirting cupid of descretion? (finger to mouth=warning, nice young women shouldn't behave like this) liberating moment/content (pleasure notmoral) pastel colors (fluffy/feathery landscape)
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Cornelia Presenting her children as her treasure NEOCLASSICISM Angelica Kauffmann 1785 reforming society popularization of knowledge revival of classicism trained by father 2 sons (political reformers) historical narrative, no excessive detail exemplum virtuitis (model of virtue)-
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Death of Marat NEOCLASSICISM Jacques-Louis David 1793 oil on canvas journalist (in the act of writing killed) charlotte corday dissatisfied with writings key revolutionary emblem name on box white halo and cloth compared to images of christ after crucif. killed b/c of what excelled at sending $ to widow of rev (moral action) simple, idealization of figure, clear lines, conveys moral message
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the third of may, 1808 ROMANTICISM Francisco Goya 1814-1815 oil on canvas may 2nd: king stepped down people inoccent and scared symbolism over naturalism brush strokes-no distinction of where end arms up like Christ (pure indiv./injustice) white shirt=purity historical painting with contemporary emphasis identify with victims, can step in sharp distinction between good and bad
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The Raft of Medusa ROMANTICISM Theodore Gericault 1818-1819 oil on canvas shipwreck of French government saves himself and everyone else dies moment about to be rescued dramatic tale -->criticism of captain's actions savigny: ships surgeon not popular, vulnerable sense of ideantity
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The Stone Breakers REALISM Gustave Courbet 1849 oil on canvas country/farming life disappearing paint what you see (no angels, history) workers not seen in art painted people he would meet father fif job, son would too focuses on engagement in work torn clothing, stiffness, loosing strength brown, yellow gray layers in space
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Olympia REALISM Edouard Manet 1863 oil on canvas naked*-looks right at you nude*-on display sticato technique--> short brush strokes (irreg) dirty skin/ sheets (nude should be clean/pure) flat plane (1 level), no tenebrism, pale skin tradition: body to be surveyed/adored form:contained prostitute:well-paid-->flower in hair, bengel, shoes on, black ribbon around neck, servant french african amer. servant-->racist ideology no historical/moral content flaneur- french man of public & private privilege *engage in leisure activities) compared to venus of urbino? *first modern work of art figure outlined, no ideal beauty
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Impression: Sunrise IMPRESSIONISM Claude Monet 1872 oil on canvas ordinary scene, gestural industry background, ships academy losing grip (photos more common) SHIFT: ARTISTS WORK OUTSIDE SYSTEM daring modes of art weak economy in paris not moral--> ordinary scene anti-academy: plein-air-painting outside avant gards-front line of battle
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A Sunday on La Grande Jatte POST-IMPRESSIONISM Georges Seurat 1884-1886 oil on canvas distinguished himself different people in paris technique of pointillism-dots/strokes/dashes of paint optical experience and easy viewing build images through color & shades (no lines) incoporate latest fashion characters flat (like relief sculpture) different colors in grass prostitute most fathers not with families (leisure) interaction between classes smoke stacks (close to manufacturing) border=smooth end of painting (optical experience) passage technique- cool recede, warm project
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