Term
Inside your body there is an
amazing protection mechanism
called the ______ ______. It is
designed to defend you against
millions of bacteria, microbes,
viruses, toxins and parasites that
would love to invade your body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The major components of the
immune system are (there are 8): |
|
Definition
Thymus, spleen, lymph system,
bone marrow, white blood cells,
antibodies, complement system,
hormones |
|
|
Term
__________ hold up to 80% of all of
our immune function by some
sources |
|
Definition
|
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Term
In your chest, between your breast bone
and your heart, is responsible for
producing T-cells (see later) early in
our lives. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
The ______ filters the blood looking for
foreign cells (it also
looks for old red blood cells in need
of replacement to destroy and
recycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of bone marrow? |
|
Definition
| Produces new red and white blood cells. |
|
|
Term
| The marrow produces all blood cells from ____ _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Precursors to different cell types: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These blood cells are fully formed in the bone marrow, and enter the blood stream fully formed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, but mature elsewhere. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph is blood plasma. What is blood plasma? |
|
Definition
| The liquid that makes up blood minus the red and white blood cells. |
|
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Term
| Random bacteria that enter the body eventually end up in this fluid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cells also produce proteins and waste products and the _____ absorbs these products and carries them away. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One job of the _____ ______ is to drain and filter these fluids to detect and remove the bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is lymph moved throughout the body? Hint: its not pumped. |
|
Definition
Lymph is not pumped through
the body like blood, but instead is “pushed”
through the lymph system as the vessels are
compressed by surrounding muscles |
|
|
Term
| Lymph eventually drains into the Left and Right __________ veins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ are also referred to as immuno-globulins and gamma-globulins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibodies are produced by _____ _____ _____. |
|
Definition
| White Blood Cells (specifically, the differentiated form of a B-cell known as a plasma cell) |
|
|
Term
| What shape, in general, are antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| They are Y-shaped proteins that each respond to a ________ _______ (bacteria, virus or toxin) and are ADAPTIVE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an antibody binds to a toxin, it is called a/an _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an antibody binds to a venom, it is called a/an _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The binding of an antibody to a toxin generally enables/disables the chemical action of the
toxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an antibody binds to the outer coat of a virus particle or the cell wall of a bacterium it can facilitate/stop their movement through cell walls. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A large number of antibodies can bind to an invader and signal to the __________ ______ that the invader needs to be removed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 classes of Antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which classes of antibodies are monomers? There are 3. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which class of antibody is a dimer? There is only one. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which class of antibody is a pentamer? There is only one. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is the most common in the body, making up roughly 70-75% of the antibodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is typically found in bodily secretions, such as sweat, breast milk, and mucous of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of antibody causes the release of histamine in response to an allergy. It also protects against parasitic worms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This antibody is the only one that crosses the placenta, and therefore, the only antibody that provides passive immunity to the fetus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
There are only a handful of proteins
in the __________ ______, which float freely in your blood, that
assist the antibodies in a less specific fashion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complements are manufactured in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compliment causes the ________ of cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are several ________ generated by components of the immune system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Steroids and corticosteroids (components of
adrenaline) ________ the immune system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_______ is a hormone that
encourages lymphocyte production (a lymphocyte is a form of
white blood cell - see below). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 Surface barriers to microorganism attack: |
|
Definition
- Skin
– Mucus in nasal passages and lungs
– Lysozyme in the tears of eyes
– HCl (low pH) in the stomach |
|
|
Term
| What are the two different types of immunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A hypersensitivity reaction is also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibody is most closely associated with hypersensitivity reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperseneitivity reactions can be severe: closing airways, blood pressure drops, and circulatory collapse occur as this type of shock sets in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are hypersensitivities (allergies) permanent, or can it be lost eventually? |
|
Definition
| In theory, people can overcome, or become desensitized to, allergies. |
|
|
Term
| What is immune incompetence? |
|
Definition
| The immune system stops working |
|
|
Term
Which type of disease is characterized by the immune system no longer recognizing its own cells and
starting to attack them? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rheumatoid arthritis and Lupus are two of this type of disease: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These stimulate antibody production, which can last for years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of vaccinations? |
|
Definition
1. Live attenuated (weakened) virus or bacterial for virus protection
2. Inactive (killed) bacteria or virus
3. Toxiods (poisons) that kill bacteria
4. Component systems (part of a virus or bacteria) |
|
|
Term
| Why are diseases such as cholera and influenza not easily controlled by vaccinations? |
|
Definition
| These types of diseases mutate easily. Vaccines typically only control one form of the disease, meaning that when the disease mutates, it can mutate into a form of the disease that is not controlled by the vaccine. |
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