Term
| Two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shall mean a material that is dispensed from its container as mist, spray or foam y a propellant under pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| at temperatures aove the boiling point, the pressure of the atmosphere can no longer hold the liqued in the liquid state nad bubbles begin to form. the lower the oinling point, the greater the vapor pressure at normal ambient temperaures and, consecquently, the greater the fire risk. |
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Term
| Why is flash point selected as the basis for classification of flammable and combustible liquids? |
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Definition
| because it it the minimum temperature at which aliqued gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient oconcentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liqued. the flash point is normally an indication of susceptibility to ignition |
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Term
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Definition
| means any liqued having a flash point at or ablve 100 degrees f |
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Term
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Definition
| means any liquid having a flash point below 100 degrees f or higher makes up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixutre |
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Term
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Definition
the pressure measured in poiujnds per square inch exerted by a volatile liqued as determined by the amerifcan socdiety ofor testing and materials standard method of test for vapor pressur of petroleum products.
a measure of a liqued propensity to evaporate. the higher the vapor pressure the more volatile the liquid and thus the more readility the liquid gives off vapors |
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Term
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Definition
| for the preventino of fire and explosion it is considered adequate if it is sufficeint to prevent accumulation of significatn quantities of vapor air mixtures in concentraino over one fourth of the lower flammable limit. |
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Term
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Definition
| created by the presense of flammable gases or vapors in the air, such as natural gas or gasoline vapor. |
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Term
| typical class 1 locations |
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Definition
petroleum refinereis and gasoline storage and dispensing areas
dry cleaning plants where vapors from cleaing fluids can be present
spray finishing areas
aircraft hangars and fuel servicing areas
utility gas plants and poeratinos involivng storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gas or natural gas. |
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Term
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Definition
| are those areas made hazardous y teh presence of combustible dust |
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Term
| typical class 2 locations |
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Definition
grain elevators
flour and feed mills
plants that manufacture use or store magnesium or aluminum powders
producers of plastics, medicines and fireworks
producers of starch or candies
spice-grinding plants, sugar plants and cocoa plants
coal preparation plants an dother carbon handling or precessing ares. |
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Term
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Definition
| areas where there are easily ignitale fibers or flyings present, due to the types of materials being handle, stored or processed. |
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Term
| typical class 3 locations |
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Definition
textile mills and cotton gins
cotton seed mills and flax processing plants
plants that shape, pulverize or cut wood an create sawdust or flyings. |
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Term
| Identify the lift power zone. |
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Definition
| above the knees, below the shoulders, close to the body |
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Term
| Wearing a single pair of heat-resistant gloves can reduce your grip strength up to |
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Definition
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Term
| Wearing two or more pairs of gloves at once can reduce your grip strength up to |
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Definition
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Term
| What is involved with planning the lift and planning the carry? |
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Definition
• Check for tags on loads.
• Before lifting, always test the load for stability and weight.
• For loads that are unstable and/or heavy, reduce the weight of the load or repack containers to increase stability
• -Wear appropriate shoes to avoid slips, trips, or falls.
-If you wear gloves, choose the size that fits properly. Depending on the material the gloves are made of and the number of pairs worn at once, more force may be needed to grasp and hold objects. For example, wearing a single pair of heat-resistant gloves can reduce your grip strength up to 40 percent. Wearing two or more pairs of gloves at once can reduce your grip strength up to 60 percent.
-Lift only as much as you can safely handle by yourself. -Keep the lifts in your power zone (i.e., above the knees, below the shoulders, and close to the body), if possible.
-Use extra caution when lifting loads that may be unstable.
When lifting: -Get a secure grip. -Use both hands whenever possible. -Avoid jerking by using smooth, even motions. -Keep the load as close to the body as possible. -To the extent feasible use your legs to push up and lift the load, not the upper body or back. -Do not twist your body. Step to one side or the other to turn. -Alternate heavy lifting or forceful exertion tasks with less physically demanding tasks. -Take rest breaks. |
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Term
| How can organizations benefit from improving the fit between the demands of work tasks and the capabilities of the workers? |
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Definition
Reducing or preventing injuries
• Reducing workers’ efforts by decreasing forces in lifting, handling, pushing, and
pulling materials
• Reducing risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., awkward postures from
reaching into containers)
• Increasing productivity, product and service quality, and worker morale
• Lowering costs by reducing or eliminating production bottlenecks, error rates
or rejects, use of medical services because of musculoskeletal disorders, workers’
compensation claims, excessive worker turnover, absenteeism, and retraining |
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Term
| 6. Manual handling of containers may expose workers to what types of risk factors/conditions? |
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Definition
Awkward postures (e.g., bending, twisting)
• Repetitive motions (e.g., frequent reaching, lifting, carrying)
• Forceful exertions (e.g., carrying or lifting heavy loads)
• Pressure points (e.g., grasping [or contact from] loads, leaning against parts or
surfaces that are hard or have sharp edges)
• Static postures (e.g., maintaining fixed positions for a long time) |
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Term
| What are some examples of musculoskeletal disorders? |
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Definition
Carpal tunnel syndrome (the compression of the median nerve in the wrist).
Epicondylitis (swelling of the tendon at the elbow).
Rotator cuff syndrome (swelling and tearing of the tendons around the shoulder).
Sciatic pain (pain radiating from the lower back to below the knee). |
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Term
| What type of container is required to be placarded? |
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Definition
| Bulk containers transporting hazardous materials |
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Term
| . Labels (which are like placards) are attached to what type of container or package? |
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Definition
| are attached to non-bulk containers or packages of hazardous materials |
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Term
| Color of the placard. RED |
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Definition
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Term
| Color of the placard GREEN |
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Definition
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Term
| Color of the placard YELLOW |
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Definition
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Term
| Color of the placard BLUE |
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Definition
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Term
| Color of the placard WHITE |
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Definition
| inhalation hazard and poison |
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Term
| Color of the placard BLACK AND WHITE |
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Definition
| corrosive (acid and caustic |
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Term
| Color of the placard RED AND WHITE |
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Definition
| flammable solid or spontaneously combustible |
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Term
| Color of the placard WHITE AND YELLOW |
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Definition
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Term
| Color of the placard ORANGE |
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Definition
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Term
| Color of the placard WHITE WITH BLACK STRIPES |
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Definition
| miscellaneous hazardous materials |
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Term
| 2. Number in the bottom corner of the diamond. |
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Definition
This number refers to the hazard classes as used internationally and by the United States DOT.
There are 9 classes for hazardous materials: |
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 1 |
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Definition
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 2 |
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Definition
| gases (flammable, nonflammable, inhalation hazard/poison, or oxygen) |
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 3 |
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Definition
| liquids that burn (flammable and combustible liquids, based on their flashpoint) |
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 4 |
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Definition
| flammable solids, spontaneously combustible, or dangerous when wet materials |
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 5 |
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Definition
| oxidizers and organic peroxides |
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 6 |
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Definition
| poison/toxic solids and liquids, infectious materials |
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 7 |
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Definition
| radioactive (three sub classes |
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 8 |
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Definition
| corrosives (acids and bases) |
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Term
Number in the bottom corner of the diamond.
Class 9 |
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Definition
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Term
| Symbol in the upper corner of the diamond. |
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Definition
| A variety of symbols are used to indicate combustion, radiation, oxidizers, compressed gas, destruction of materials and skin by corrosives, an explosion, or skull and cross bones to indicate poisons |
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Term
| . Four digit United Nations (UN) number used for the hazardous material contained in the container. |
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Definition
| There are hundreds of four digit numbers used, from 1001 (acetylene) to 9279 (hydrogen, absorbed in metal hydride). The number in some cases is specific to a chemical and in other cases reflects a variety of hazardous materials. (For example, 1017 is only used for chlorine, 1005 has five chemical listings, 1993 is used for eight chemical listings and 2810 is used for 36 chemical listings.) |
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Term
| . What are the leading types of disabling accidents that occur within the office? |
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Definition
FALLS STRAINS AND OVEREXERTION
STRUCK BY OR STRIKING AGAINST OBJECTS
CAUGHT IN OR BETWEEN OBJECTS |
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Term
| 2. What are potential hazards of the office environment? See Chapter 19. |
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Definition
ventillation-air pollutions
illumination-glare, shadows and visual problems
noise
physical layout and housekeeping-poor design and or porr housekeeping cna lead to crowding, lack of privacy and slips, trips and falls.
exits/egress- blocked or improperly planned mean sof egress can lead to injuries as a result of lsips, trips and falls.
fire hazards |
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Term
| 1. What are the four key points of effective work station design? |
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Definition
Fit the workplace to the operator.
Provide adjustability.
Maintain neutral postures (joints in midrange).
Minimize repetitions. |
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Term
| 2. What are the two goals of effective work station design? |
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Definition
Increase production and
efficiency of the operation
Decrease injuries to the operators |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of measuring the human body. |
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Term
| 4. What are three design methods? |
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Definition
Design for Extremes
Design for either the largest or smallest depending upon circumstances.
Examples:
Doorway: design for the largest individual
Reaches (ie.. control knobs): design for the the minimum individual
Design for Adjustability
Allow for equipment or facilities that can be adjusted to fit a wider range of individuals.
Desks, tool supports, workstations, chairs/stools.
Design for Average
This is the cheapest but least preferred method.
But most often used due to cost
Operating height - Most people won’t be inconvenienced- exception being tall & short individuals |
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Term
| 5. Why use a fixture instead of using the hand as a holding device? |
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Definition
Holding a part is not useful work.
Use a fixture instead of the hand as a holding device
save time
achieve better quality |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population |
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Term
| 2. What factors are involved with finding the best fit? |
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Definition
Standing vs sitting
Stationary vs moveable
Large demand for strength/power vs small demand
Good horizontal work area vs bad
Good vertical work area vs bad
Nonrepetitive motion vs repetitive motion
Low surface vs high surface |
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Term
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Definition
| an unplanned, undesired event that adversely affects completion of a task |
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Term
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Definition
| an undesired event that results in personal injury or property damage |
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Term
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Definition
an incident where no property was damaged and no personal injury sustained,
but where, given a slight shift in time or position, damage and/or injury easily could have occurred |
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Term
| 2. Why are some accidents not reported? |
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Definition
1. Red Tape- people want to avoid the paperwork
2. Ignorance- not all managers and supervisors are knowledgeable on accident reporting and the reasons to conduct an investigation and complete a report
3. Embarrassment- some people are embarrassed by their actions
4. Record-spoiling- don’t report an accident to preserve “perfect record”
5. Fear- fear of repercussions or being found at fault
6. No feedback- some accidents go unreported because those involved feel filing a report would be a waste of time (previous lack of management response) |
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Term
| 3. Accident investigation is about |
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Definition
| fact-finding NOT fault-finding. |
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Term
| 4. What is the purpose of accident investigation? |
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Definition
gather factual information
determine the causes- specifically get to the ROOT CAUSE
recommend corrective actions
eliminate or minimize these types of events |
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Term
| 5. List the procedures of accident investigation and reporting. |
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Definition
1. Take immediate action
affected employee(s) get medical attention
secure the accident site
notify pertinent personnel
2. Preserve evidence
3. Identify witnesses
4. Interview affected employee(s), witnesses
5. Reenact the accident when appropriate
6. Complete the report
7. File the report with appropriate departments |
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Term
| 1. What is the purpose of a safety inspection? |
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Definition
1. Uncover unsafe acts and conditions – BEFORE an accident occurs
2. Reveal the need for specific guards for workers/machines/materials
3. Encourage supervisors to inspect their own areas/tools/equipment/materials/work practices
4. Provide an additional set of eyes to identify unsafe conditions – BEFORE an accident occurs |
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Term
| 2. How would you prepare for a safety inspection? |
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Definition
1. Acquire all pertinent information available on the task/operation/environment to be inspected
2. Review and acquaint oneself with details of the task/operation/environment to be inspected
3. Determine which OSHA standards apply
4. Review previous inspections and results
5. Define the work area to be inspected
6. Plan the inspection route
7. Obtain / create inspection checklist to be used |
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Term
| 3. How would you conduct a safety inspection? |
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Definition
1. Inspect while employees are working
2. Take careful notes during the inspection
3. Be alert for all hazards and conditions
4. Record all unsafe practices and conditions
5. Check for specific items as well as general conditions
6. Look for “why” conditions exist |
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Term
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Definition
A personal injury (the final domino) occurs only as a result of an accident.
2. An accident occurs only as a result of a personal or mechanical hazard.
3. Personal and mechanical hazards exist only through the fault of careless
persons or poorly designed or improperly maintained equipment.
4. Faults of persons are inherited or acquired as a result of their social
environment or acquired by ancestry.
5. The environment is where and how a person was raised and educated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Human Factors theory attributes accidents to a chain of events ultimately caused by human error |
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Term
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Definition
Extension of human factors theory
New elements introduced:
Ergonomic traps are due to a defective workstation, design and incompatible displays or control. [Management failure]
2. Decision to err caused by illogical decision under situation (peer pressure, supervisor pressure), unconscious desire to err and perceived low probability. [Personal failure]
3. System failure is due to error in policy, responsibility, authority, accountability, measurement, inspection, correction, investigation, orientation, training, selection, safe operating procedure, standards, hazard recognition, records, medical and others. |
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Term
| How would you present a safety inspection? |
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Definition
1. Prepare a final assessment
2. Formulate recommendations
3. Discuss recommendations with supervisors |
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Term
| Three broad factors lead to human error |
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Definition
Overload- the work task is beyond the capability of the worker
Capability affected by various factors such physical, environmental, internal, and situational
Inappropriate worker response / Incompatibility
To hazards and safety measures (worker’s fault)
To incompatible work station (management, environment faults)
3. Inappropriate activities-
Lack of training- worker did not know
Misjudgment of risk- deliberately took risk due to low perceived
probability of accident happening
cost of accident |
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Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
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