While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?

The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.

Air density increases in the descent, but the amount of fuel drawn into the carburetor remains the same. To re-establish a balanced fuel/air mixture in a descent, the mixture control must be adjusted toward 'rich.'

Class D.

A blue segmented circle on a sectional chart depicts Class D airspace which means a control tower is in operation.

Avionics equipment failure.

If you experience an in-flight electrical system failure, you would have an avionics equipment failure, and you could not use your electrical fuel boost pump.

The instrument procedures for which the controlled airspace is established.

The dimensions of Class D airspace are as needed for each individual circumstance. The airspace may include extensions necessary for IFR arrival and departure paths.

Request an abbreviated briefing.

Request an abbreviated briefing when you need information to supplement mass disseminated data, update a previous briefing, or when you need only one or two specific items.

3 Miles.

An airway below 10,000 feet MSL is in either Class B, C, or D, or E airspace, and requires 3 miles flight visibility.

3 miles, 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above the clouds in controlled airspace.

With the exception of Class B airspace, VFR flight into controlled airspace requires 3 statute miles visibility and cloud clearance of 500 feet below and 1,000 feet above when operating above 1,200 feet AGL and below 10,000 feet MSL.

Water vapor condenses.

As water vapor condenses or sublimates on condensation nuclei, liquid or ice particles begin to grow. Some condensation nuclei have an affinity for water and can induce condensation or sublimation even when air is almost, but not completely, saturated.

Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.

The roughness of the surface of frost spoils the smooth flow of air, thus causing a slowing of the airflow. This slowing of the air causes early air flow separation over the affected airfoil, resulting in a loss of lift. Even a small amount of frost on airfoils may prevent an aircraft from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed.

406 MHz.

ELTs transmit an audio tone on 406 MHz.

The pilot-in-command 

The pilot-in-command of an aircraft is responsible for determining whether that aircraft is in condition for safe flight.

Information concerning parachute jumping sites may be found in the:

Airport/Facility Directory.

Tabulations of parachute jump areas in the U.S. are contained in the Airport/Facility Directory.

Above and landing beyond the aircraft.

When landing behind a large aircraft stay at or above the large aircraft's final approach path. Note its touchdown point and land beyond it.

Standard atmospheric conditions.

Pressure altitude is equal to true altitude under standard atmospheric conditions.

1200

When VFR, unless otherwise instructed by an ATC facility, adjust transponder to reply code 1200 regardless of altitude.

Return to the starting point on the airport.

A flashing white light signal to a taxiing aircraft is an indication to return to the starting point on the airport.

200 knots.

No person may operate an aircraft in the airspace underlying Class B airspace at a speed of more than 200 knots.

246° and 13 knots.

You are heading to the southeast (135°) at 135 knots. The wind is blowing you left of course (130°) and giving you a faster ground speed which means the wind is blowing from the southwest. Use your manual or electronic flight computer to determine the wind direction and speed which would be 246° and 13 knots.

Deviate from the operating rules of Part 91 to the extent necessary to meet that emergency.

If an emergency requires immediate action, the pilot-in-command may deviate from the operating rules of Part 91 to the extent necessary to meet that emergency. No report of such deviation is required unless the FAA requests one.

Is freezing rain at higher altitude.

Is a temperature inversion and Ice pellets always indicate freezing rain at higher altitude.

Standard briefing.

You should request a standard briefing any time you are planning a flight and you have not received a previous briefing.

Two quick white then green.

Military airport beacons flash alternately white and green, but are differentiated from civil beacons by dual-peaked (two quick) white flashes between the green flashes.

Stratus.

When stable air is forced upward the air tends to retain horizontal flow and any cloudiness is flat and stratified.

lenticular.

Crests of standing waves may be marked by stationary, lens-shaped clouds known as standing lenticular clouds.

1,200 AGL up to but not including 18,000 (17,999)

Federal airways are part of Class B, C, D, or E airspace. They are eight miles wide, four miles either side of centerline. They usually begin at 1,200 AGL and continue up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL, or FL180.

1200

It is important for pilots to operate the transponder and encoder so radar controllers will know the aircraft's position and altitude - even if not in communications with ATC.

Visible moisture

Two conditions are necessary for structural icing in flight:

1. The aircraft must be flying through visible water such as rain or cloud droplets, and

2. The temperature at the point where the moisture strikes the aircraft must be 0°C (32°F) or colder.

Less than the length of the wingspan above the surface.

When the wing is at a height equal to its span, the reduction in induced drag is only 1.4%. However, when the wing is at a height equal to one-fourth its span, the reduction in induced drag is 23.5% and when the wing is at a height equal to one-tenth its span, the reduction in induced drag is 47.6%.

Actual lapse rate.

The difference between the existing lapse rate of a given mass of air and the adiabatic rates of cooling in upward moving air determines if the air is stable or unstable.

temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated.

Dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated by the water vapor already present in the air.

Colder than standard air temperature.

True altitude will be lower than indicated altitude in colder than standard air temperature, even with an accurate altimeter set to 29.92.

Weather in the airspace is below basic VFR weather minimums.

In Class B, C, D or E airspace, operation of the airport beacon during the hours of daylight often indicates that the weather in the airspace is below basic VFR weather minimums (ground visibility is less than 3 miles and/or the ceiling is less than 1,000 feet).

At standard temperature.

When conditions are standard, pressure altitude and density altitude are the same.

Oxygen deficiency in the body.

Hypoxia is an oxygen deficiency in the body usually caused by flight at higher altitudes. For optimum protection from hypoxia, pilots are encouraged to use supplemental oxygen above 10,000 feet during the day, and above 5,000 feet at night.

Less stable at all speeds.

Loading in a tail-heavy condition can reduce the airplane's ability to recover from stalls and spins. Tail-heavy loading also produces very light stick forces at all speeds, making it easy for the pilot to inadvertently overstress the airplane.

An increase in airspeed or acceleration while on an east or west heading. 

While on an east or west heading, an increase in airspeed or acceleration will cause the compass to indicate a turn toward the north and a deceleration will cause the compass to indicate a turn to the south. If on a north or south heading, no error will be apparent because of acceleration or deceleration. (Remember ANDS = Accelerate North Decelerate South).

Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.

Bernoulli's principle states in part that the pressure of a fluid (liquid or gas) decreases at points where the speed of the fluid increases. In other words, high-speed flow is associated with low pressure and low-speed flow with high pressure. Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface.

Stable layer of air.

If the temperature increases with altitude through a layer (an inversion), the layer is stable and convection is suppressed.