Term
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Definition
| Not a variety of field bean; it is its own type of bean. |
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Definition
| One of the main importers of Canadian field beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blows a stream of air into the header during harvest of field beans, to assist in getting all the crop into the combine. A large-capacity fan mounted behind the header blows air through a tube in front and down the verticle tubes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces mostly coloured beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evolved in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Wild Andean beans are larger than Mesoamerican beans. Stayed in South America, and were brought to Europe by early explorers, who then brought these types to North America. |
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Definition
| A common disease in field beans. Results in large black lesions on the stems and pods. |
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Definition
| When the hypocotyl or cotyledons break as a field bean emerges. |
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Definition
| A comomn disease in field beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variety of field bean most consumed in South America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
Trifularin
A common herbicide registered for use on white beans, but not pinto beans. |
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Definition
| The world's third top producer of field beans. Produces 2,936,44 tons. |
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Definition
| Leaf injury in field beans caused by high exposure to ground-level ozone. A result of chemical interactions involving exhaust. Ozone oxidizes the cells inside stomates. Extent of damage depends on duration of exposure and water status (drought stressed crops are more tolerant). Often occurs after summer holidays when road traffic is high. Use of tolerant varieties is recommended in areas where bronzing has been observed in the past. |
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Term
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Definition
| A growth type in field beans. Short and erect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces field beans mostly for export. Mainly white beans, but coloured beans are increasing. Most exports are to Britain and Japan. Exports to Angola, Italy, and Spain are increasing. Canada produces 10% of what the US produces. Produced in Ontario, Western Canada, Manitoba, and Alberta. |
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Term
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Definition
| The world's fourth top producer of field beans. Produces 1,400,000 tons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common disease in field beans. Water-soaked lesions surrouneded by yellow halos where toxins from bacteria are killing leaf tissue. Spreads when foliage is wet; equipment and workers should be kept out of field bean fields after rain or heavy dew. OAC Rex is tolerant to common bacterial blight. |
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Term
| Cook's Division of Parrish and Meimbecker |
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Definition
| A contracting organization for field bean producers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of harvest of field beans. First became popular in 1980. Greater shattering losses, and loss of low-hanging pods. New cultivars with more upright archictecture facilitate direct combining. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discolouration of field beans. Caused by wet weather near maturity, damage during harvest procedures, or staining due to green weeds. White and light-coloured beans are more susceptible. Chemcial desiccation of the cropp (such as with Eragaon) before harvest can reduce it. Discoloured beans may be removed by an electric eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scans field beans before processing, removing picks. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical desiccant that can be used on field beans before harvest to reduced dirtying of the crop. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the main importers of Canadian field beans. |
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Term
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Definition
Phaseolus vulgaris
aka Common bean
aka Dry bean
There are many varieties, categorized by seed size, shape, and colour. An important protein source in the human diet, especially in Central and South America, Asia, and Africa. The most important pulse crop grown worldwide; one of the few worldwide important crops that was domesticated in the western hemisphere. Domesticated over 7,000 years ago at two centres of origin: Mesoamercia and the Andes. Most current varieties have DNA from both varietis. 23% protein; complementary amino acids to cereal and corn. Contains trypsin inhibitor, and the oligosaccharides raffinose and stachyose. Phenological development is similar to soybeans; half the growing season is vegetative growth, the other half reproductive. Emergence is epigeal, the first pair of leaves unifoliate, and all subsequent leaves compound trifoliate. Two growth types: bush and vine-type. Self-pollinated, but flowers are larger than soybean flowers. There are indeterminate and determinate types. There are no GMO field beans; would not be accepted in European markets. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common root rot in field beans. Bottom of the root is reddish brown and dead. The plant survives by producing adventitious roots, but it will be susceptible to drought and have difficulty taking up nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
aka Chickpeas
Not a variety of field bean. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Harvest when 90% of bean pods are yellow. Sold at 18% moisture. Field beans are either direct combines, or pulled and windrowed. The combine must be adjusted for smaller-seeded bean types. Specialized tractor-drawn combines that provide gentle thrushing (such as what is used for peanuts) are good for large-seeded types. Grain bin dumps are hydraulic, not augered, reducing seed coat damage and cracking. |
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Term
| Hensall District Co-operative |
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Definition
| A contracting organization for field bean producers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Field beans are more sensitive to herbicide carryover than soybeans. Sensitive to residual broadleaf herbicides. Field beans are limited to fields with low weed pressure, or well-controlled weed populations with available herbicide options. There are no RR field beans. Pursuit, Treflan, Rival, and Bonanza are registered for use on white beans, but not pinto beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grows field bean breeder seed, using furrow irrigation in desert-like conditions, producing seed that is free from common bacterial blight. Water is siphoned into the field where beans grow on raised mounds. |
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Term
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Definition
| The world's second top producer of field beans. Produces 3,630,000 tons. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the main importers of Canadian field beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| The world's eighth top producer of field beans. Produces 529,265 tons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A variety of field bean. 23% crude protein, 78% TDN, 1.2% fat, 4.1% fibre. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Field beans are susceptible to Mn deficiencies. Correted with foliar applications. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces 50% of Canada's field beans. Pinto and navy beans, with small quantities of other types. Field bean fields go to the horizons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Growers usually enter into time trial contracts with locked in price, and high risk. Contracting organizations include Hensall District Co-operative and Cook's Division of Parrish and Meimbecker. Provide seed to the grower with recommendations on planting rates, specifying condition of beans at delivery, including grain moisture, grading standards, and dockage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evolved in southern Mexico and Columbia. Migrated northwards. By the time Europeans arrived in Quebec, First Nations people were growing MA beans there. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the main importers of Canadian field beans. The world's fifth top producer of field beans. Produces 1,294,634 tons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major field bean producing state, especially adjacent to Ontario. used to be the dominant field bean production area in the US, but production shifted to the MinDak area over the last 20 years. |
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Term
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Definition
| The continuous area in North Dakota and Minnesota where field beans are mostly produced in the US. Extends into southern Manitoba. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major field bean producing state. Part of MinDak. |
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Term
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Definition
| The world's top produer of field beans. Produces 3,800,000 tons. |
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Term
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Definition
aka White bean
aka White pea
A common class of field bean produced in North America. Used primarily in manufacturing of canned beans (baked beans, pork and beans), traditionally the major market class in North America. Fed to the navy during the world wars. 23% crude protein, 79% TDN, 1.4% fat, 0.15% Ca, 0.57% P, 4.2% fibre. |
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Term
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Definition
| A major field bean producing state. |
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Term
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Definition
| When used to harvest field beans, it left a lot of beans on the ground. it does not have an air reel. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Inoculation does not increase yield; field beans are poor nitrogen fixers; nodules are shed during drought periods and not regrown. Apply 50 - 100 kg N/ha prior to planting, depending on past yields, current soil fertility, and target yield. It is not recommended to grow field beans without N fertilizer unless you are sure there is enough residual N in the soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| By far the largest field bean producing state in the US. Part of MinDak. |
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Term
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Definition
| A variety of field bean. Has resistance to common bacterial blight. The resistance was brought in from tepary beans. Used extensively. Used in breeding programs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A variety of field bean. It might be called "Thunder" because it causes flatulence! |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces 30% of Canada's field beans. The main exporter of navy beans to the UK. Competes with Michigan and MinDak in navy beans. Produces significant quantities of kidney beans, cranberries, black beans, and pinto beans. |
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Term
| Ontario Bean Producers Marketing Board |
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Definition
| Used to buy and sell all beans in Ontario, but not anymore. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes bronzing in field beans. Caused by pollution or from weather events. Formed when chemical bonds in oxygen are broken. |
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Term
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Definition
| Field bean seed that is guaranteed to not have seed-borne common bacterial blight. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Amount applied is based on current soil fertility and target yields. Edible beans are sensitive to fertilizers in the row; fertilizer is either broadcast, or in a 2" x 2" row. |
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Term
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Definition
| Off-coloured field beans that are removed by electric eyes. Can be fed to pigs after cooking. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field beans produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. 23% crude protein, 68% TDN, 1.2% fat, 0.13% Ca,0.46% P, and 4.1% fibre. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Field beans are a warm season annual, not tolerant of cold temperatures; planting does not occur until the soil has reached 10ºC at planting depth, and must not take place until risk of frost has passed. Delayed until June in a lot of places. In Canada, dry beans are planted after soybeans. Shorter growing season than soybeans: 80 - 120 days to maturity, depending on variety and temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Amount applied is based on current soil fertility and target yields. Edible beans are sensitive to fertilizers in the row; fertilizer is either broadcast, or in a 2" x 2" band. Do not add KCl to the seed-row; the salt will suck water from the seed and burn the radicle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of harvesting field beans. A knife is pulled under the plant to cut the roots off. Windrowing follows closely, (usually the same day) and is done with a combine. |
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Term
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Definition
| The industry organization for beans and other edible pulses in Canada. |
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Term
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Definition
Imazethapyr
A herbicide registered for use on white beans, but not on pinto beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common root rot in field beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Of paramount importance; field beans are grown for human edible markets, and consumed with prior processing. Quality is maximized, even at the expense of yield. Yield losses can be high. |
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Term
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Definition
| A significant producer of field beans in Canada. |
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Term
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Definition
| An area north of Listowell. No rhizobia was found here. |
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Term
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Definition
| An oligoaccharide in field beans. Can lead to flatulence. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| The straing of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that helps field beans fix nitrogen. Recommended to inoculate fields where nodulation has been poor in the past. About a half to a third of fields are inoculated. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common root rot in field beans. Especially severe if the crop alternates from too dry to too wet and back again. |
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Term
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Definition
Trifularin
A herbicide registered for use on white beans, but not pinto beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common disease in field beans. Present in most Ontario soils Field beans are susceptible to root rots. Includes Pythium, Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Important for ensuring high yields and quality; field beans must not be grown in the same field more than once every four years. PRevents build-up of Fusarium and white mould. Field beans are sensitive to herbicide carryover. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Generally planted in wide, 30" rows with a corn planter. New types of pullers can be used with row widths as low as 20". Target planting rate: about 80,000 plants/ac (lower than soybeans). Field beans have weak emergence; avoid planting in compacted soil. In wider rows, there are more seeds per linear foot, and the seeds "co-operate" as they emerge, breaking the soil surface. In conditions with uniform emergence, there is yield advantage from a narrow row. |
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Term
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Definition
| The world's tenth top producer of field beans. Produces 438,236 tons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Recommended 1.2 cm. Unevern emergence leads to uneven maturation. Good moisture is critical for planting. Larger-seeded varieties can tolerate planting depths up to 9 cm! |
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Term
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Definition
Thiophanate methyl
A fungicide registered for use in field beans. Used for white mould. A new fungicide with good performance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Mostly grown on sandy loam or loam soils: less root rots in well-drained soils. Not grown in heavy clay soils: too hard to pull the plants in clay. |
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Term
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Definition
| 40% crude protein, 88% TDN, 18% fat, 0.25% Ca, 0.59% P, 5.0% fibre. |
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Term
| Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) |
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Definition
| A common disease in field beans. There is increasing prevalence in southwestern Ontario. |
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Term
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Definition
| An oligosaccharide in field beans. Can lead to flatulence. |
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Term
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Definition
| The world's sixth top producer of field beans. Produces 1,150,000 tons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Field beans can be grown in no-till, but conventional till is more common; provides opportunity for mechanical weed control, and facilitates harvest. Dry beans have a weak root system, and benefot from some amount of tillage. In no-till, coulters can be placed ahead of the planter unit. |
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Term
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Definition
Trifuralin
A herbicide registered for use on white beans, but not pinto beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in field beans; they must be heated before feeding to humans or other monogastrics. |
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Term
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Definition
| The world's ninth top producer of field beans. Produces 461,000 tons. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the main importers of Canadian field beans. The world's seventh top producer of field beans. Produces 1,110,668 tons. The top American states for field bean production are North Dakota, Minnesota (MinDak), Michigan, and Nebraska. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. www.gobeans.com has information on performance trials in white beans and coloured beans. Pedigreed seed is recommended. |
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Term
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Definition
| A growth type in field beans. Vine-like. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increasing in field bean production, mainly in pinto beans. |
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Term
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Definition
| A common class of field bean produced in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
A common disease in field beans. Field beans are more susceptible to white mould than soybeans. Don't want too much of a canopy. There is extensive information on performance of various fungicides registered for use on field beans (such as Senator) from Ridgetown, North Dakota State University, and Michigan State University. A prescribed amount of time must pass between spraying and harvest. |
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Term
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Definition
| A management factor in field bean production. Deficiencies are sometimes seen, and can be corrected with foliar applications. |
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