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Nicola Pisano- Pulpit of Pisa Cathedral Baptistry (1260)
-trefoil arches, lions supporting columns, bush capitals (gothic variation of corinthian capitals)
-designed like sarcophogus
-influence of classical relief structure |
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Cimabue- Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets
-persued new naturalism, relied on Byzantine models. gold used but now to make it more 3D.
-throne recedes into space, overlapping, and showing 3/4 body gives sense of space
-long thing figures; vertical.
-Virgin as throne of wisdom pointing to Jesus
-maniera gerca (byzantine style) |
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Giotto- Madonna Enthroned
-made a radical break from the past, has been referred to as the first renaissance painter and the father of western pictorial art.
-traditional gold background, but now with a more heavy virgin, noticable/bulging breasts and knees, and no gold in the garment.
-Mary= more human, mother of Christ |
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-City states flourishsing, mostly governed by oligarchies.
-eruption of black plague in middle, originating in Asia, killing up to 50% of Europeans. (stimulated and encouraged religion and making more hospitals)
-blossoming vernacular literature (based on tuscan dialect, not latin)
-renaissance= rebirth, of art and culture. more interest in and study of antiquity
-humanism emerged, more as civil and educational conduct than philisophical. human values distinct from religion. just like most religious people gained sainthood, most humanist people gained fame. |
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Giotto- Lamentation
-In Arena Chapel which was built to expiate church for usury.
-foreshortened angels (faces closest and bodies receding), with congregation below mourning Jesus' death.
-Mary Magdelene at his feet and St John on the side.
-diagonal rock incline shows depth and focuses in on Jesus. Also connects to painting next to it. tree reps knowledge of good and bad, relating back to Adam and Eve, Jesus dying for sin of man.
-Each person shows individual reaction to this moment of grief. people backwards= innovation, unbyzantine like. gives more sense of depth and makes it stagelike.
-increase of popular sermons made people want dramatic narrative paintings. |
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Buoninsegna- Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints
-Mary= focus of Sienese (they believed she brought them victory in 1260 against another city state).
-symmetrical composition and facial types based on Byzantine, but softer and more individualized.
-artist (along with many others of the time) valued textiles and fabrics from other countries, designing garments with the same exotic style. |
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Duccio- Betrayal of Jesus 1310
-Judas's false kiss is a symbol of betrayal, disciples fleeing, Peter cutting off servant's ear.
-traditional gold background but bodies have changed; range of light/dark colors, drapery realistically arranged. various emotions portrayed with gesture and expressions |
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