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Definition
| The change of behavior as a function of experience |
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Term
| behaviorism (or behavioristic approach) |
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Definition
| The theoretical view of personality that focuses on overt behavior and the ways in which it can be affected by rewards and punishments. |
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| Maps out exactly how behavior is a function of one's environmental situation. |
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| The idea that all knowledge comes from experience. |
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| The direct product of reality itself. |
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| The claim that any two things, including ideas, become mentally associated into one of they are repeatedly experienced close together in time. Often as a result of a cause/effect relationship. |
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| The idea that people are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain. |
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| The belief that the best society is the one that creates the most happiness for the largest number of people. |
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Definition
| The simplest way behavior changes as a result of experience. |
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| The kind of learning through which a response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus becomes elicited through a new, conditioned stimulus. (Pavlov's dogs.) |
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Definition
| Random rewards and punishments that result in a "why bother" syndrome, often associated with depression. |
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Term
| S-R Conception of Personality |
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Definition
| The belief that the essential activity of life was to learn a vast array of responses to specific environment stimuli, and that an individual's personality consists of a repertoire of learned stimulus-response associations. |
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Definition
| B.F. Skinner's term to describe learning where a subject learns to operate on its own world in such a way to change it to that subject's advantage. |
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Definition
| B.F. Skinner's term to describe a conditioned response that is passive with no impact of its own. |
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Definition
| A "reward" that encourages the repetition of a behavior. Or a "punishment" that discourages a behavior. |
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Definition
| A response to a behavior that discourages the continuation of that behavior. |
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Term
| Five principles of how to punish |
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Definition
| Availability of alternatives, Behavioral and Situational Specificity, Timing and Consistency, Conditioning secondary punishing stimuli, and Avoiding mixed messages. |
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Term
| Availability of Alternatives |
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Definition
| An alternative response to the behavior that is being punished must be available. This alt. response must not be punished and should be rewarded. |
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| Behavioral and Situation Specificity |
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Definition
| Being clear about exactly what behavior your are punishing and the circumstances under which it will and will not be punished. |
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Term
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Definition
| A punishment needs to be applied immediately after the behavior you wish to prevent, EVERY time the behavior occurs. |
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Term
| Conditioning secondary punishing stimuli |
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Definition
| Lessening the actual punishment by conditioning secondary stimuli to it. (Cat scratching, hiss & water bottle at first, then just hissing achieves response.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Punishing, only to immediately reinforce; i.e.; Punishing a child, then giving them a hug. |
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Definition
| Punishment arouses emotion, Difficulty to be consistent, Difficult to gauge severity of punishment,Punishment teaches about power, and Punishment motivates concealment |
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Definition
| The behavior you are most likely to perform at a given moment reside at the top. |
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Definition
| A state of psychological tension that feels good when it is reduced. |
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Definition
| Food, water, physical comfort, avoiding pain, sexual gratification, etc. |
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Definition
| Love, prestige, money, and power. |
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Term
| Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis |
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Definition
| Dollard and Miller's hypothesis that states that the natural, biological reaction to being blocked, or frustrated, is to have an urge to lash out and injure |
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Term
| Approach-avoidance conflict |
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Definition
| Theory when a stimulus is both attractive and aversive. (Bungee jump) |
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Definition
| Behavioral decisions are determined not just by the presence or size of reinforcemtns, but also by beliefs about the likely results. |
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Definition
| An individual's belief, or subjective probability, about how likely it seems that the behavior will attain its goal. |
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Definition
| The perceived probability that you can do something in the first place. |
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Definition
| Learning a behavior by seeing someone else do it. "Bobo doll" |
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Definition
| Analysis of how people shape their environments. People are not "just placed" into their environment. |
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| Behaviorist's definition of personality |
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Definition
| The sum of everything a person does. |
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Term
| Unconditioned response (UCR) |
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Definition
| Natural response to a stimulus, before CC |
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Term
| Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| Any stimuli that can produce an UCR without CC |
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| Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| Object that typically would NOT produce an UCR without CC |
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| Conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
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| Thorndike’s law of effect |
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Definition
| Responses followed by a rewarding state of affairs will be strengthened and responses followed by an aversive state of affairs will be weakened |
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Term
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Definition
| Box containing a lever and chute that delivered a food pellet;used to figure out the laws of operant conditioning |
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Definition
| For a reward to have the power to encourage the target behavior, the reward must satisfy a need |
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Term
| Cognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS) |
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Definition
The most cognitive version of social learning theory; Two important ideas
The individual’s interpretation of the world is all-important
Thoughts proceed simultaneously on multiple tracks that occasionally intersect |
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Definition
| Comprised of an individual's mental abilities and behavioral skills. (IQ, creativity, social skills, and occupational abilities.) |
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Definition
| A person's ideas about how the world can be categorized, and efficacy expectations (beliefs about one's own capabilities). |
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Definition
| Resembles expectancy, an individual's beliefs about the probabilities for attaining a goal if it's pursued. |
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Term
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Definition
| Delay of gratification; Delay of a smaller but immediate reward for a larger reward later |
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