Term
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Definition
| the disruptive effect of prior learning on the retrieval of new information |
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Definition
| the distortion of a memory by exposure to misleading information |
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Definition
| an inaccurate memory that feels as real as an accurate memory |
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Definition
| attributing a memory to the wrong source, resulting in a false memory |
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Term
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Definition
| frameworks for our knowledge about people, objects, events, and actions that allow us to organize and interpret information about our world |
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Definition
| a theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the unavailability of the retrieval cues necessary to locate information in long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the disruptive effect of new learning on the retrieval of old information |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to other information in memory interfering and thereby making the to-be-remembered information inaccessible |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the decay of the biological representation of the information and that period usage of the information will help to maintain it in storage |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the failure to encode the information into long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the savings method of measuring long-term memory retrieval in which the measure is the amount of time saved when learning information for the second time |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of long term memory retrieval that only requires the identification of the information in the presence of retrieval cues |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of long-term memory retrieval that requires the reproduction of the information with essentially no retrieval cues |
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Term
| spacing (distributed study) effect |
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Definition
| superior long-term memory for spaced study versus massed study (cramming) |
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Term
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Definition
| a mnemonic in which the items in a list to be remembered are associated with the sequential items in a memorized jingle and the the list is retrieved by going through the jingle and retrieving the associated items |
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Term
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Definition
| a mnemonic in which sequential pieces of information to be remembered are encoded by associating them sequential locations in a very familiar room or place and then the pieces of information are retrieved by mentally going around the room and retrieving the piece at each location |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| long-term memory retrieval is best for experiences and information that are congruent with a person's current mood |
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Term
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Definition
| long-term memory retrieval is best when a person's mood state at the time of encoding and retrieval of the information is the same |
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Term
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Definition
| long-term memory retrieval is best when a person's physiological state at the time of encoding and retrieval of the information is the same |
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Term
| encoding specificity principle |
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Definition
| the principle that the environmental cues (both internal and external) present at the time information id encoded into long-term memory serve as the best retrieval cues for the information |
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Term
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Definition
| the superior long-term memory for information related to oneself at time of encoding into long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of rehearsal in short-term memory in which incoming information is related to information from long-term memory to encode it into long-term memory |
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Term
| levels-of-processing theory |
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Definition
| a theory of information processing in memory that assumes that semantic processing, leads to better long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| memory processing that occurs consciously and requires attention |
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Term
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Definition
| memory processing that occurs subconsciously and does not require attention |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of bringing information stored in long-term memory into short-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of maintaining information in a memory stage |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of moving information from one memory stage to the next (from sensory memory into short-term memory or from short-term memory to long-term memory). |
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Term
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Definition
| the superior recall of the latter portion of a list relative to the middle of the list in a one-trail free recall test |
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Term
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Definition
| the superior recall of the early portion of a list relative to the middle of the list in a one-trail free recall test |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory task in which a list of items is presented one at a time and then the participant is free to recall them in any order |
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Term
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Definition
| our inability as adults to remember events that occurred in our lives before about 3 years of age |
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Term
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Definition
| the disruption of memory for the past, especially episodic information for events before, especially just before, surgery or trauma to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to form new explicit long-term memories for events following surgery or trauma to the brain. Explicit memories before are left intact. |
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Term
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Definition
| a person with severe memory deficits following brain surgery or injury |
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Term
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Definition
| implicit memory for cognitive and motor tasks that have a physical procedural aspect to them |
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Term
| implicit (non-declarative) memory |
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Definition
| long-term memory for procedural motor and cognitive tasks and conditioning effects. this type of memory does not require conscious awareness or the need to make declarations about the information remembered. |
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Term
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Definition
| explicit memory for personal experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| explicit memory for factual knowledge |
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Term
| explicit (declarative) memory |
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Definition
| long-term memory for factual knowledge and personal experiences. This type of memory requires a conscious effort to remember and entails making declarations about the information remembered |
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Term
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Definition
| the memory stage in which information is stored for a long period of time and whose capacity is essentially unlimited |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of rehearsal in short-term memory in which the information is repeated over and over again in order to maintain it. |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory task in which a small amount of information is briefly presented and the the participant is distracted from rehearsing the information for a variable period of time, aster which the participant has to recall the information |
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Term
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Definition
| a meaningful until in a persons memory |
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Term
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Definition
| the average number of items an individual can remember across a series of memory span trials |
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Term
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Definition
| a memory task in which the participant is given a series of items one at a time and then has to recall the items in the order in which they were presented |
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Term
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Definition
| the memory stage with a small capacity and brief duration that we are consciously aware of and in which we do our problem solving, reasoning, and decision making |
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Term
| sperlings partial-report procedure |
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Definition
| an experimental procedure in which, following a brief presentation of a matrix of unrelated consonants, the participant is given an auditory cue about which row of the matrix to recall |
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Term
| sperlings full-report procedure |
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Definition
| an experimental procedure in which following the brief presentation of a matrix of unrelated consonants, the participant has to attempt to recall all of the letters in the matrix |
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Term
| temporal integration procedure |
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Definition
| an experimental procedure in which two meaningless visual patterns that produce meaningful patterns if integrated are presented sequentially with the time delay between their presentations varied |
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Term
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Definition
| the visual sensory register that holds an exact copy of the incoming visual input but only for a brief period of time, less than one second |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of sensory registers, one fore each of our senses, that serve as holding places for incoming sensory information until it can be attended to, interpreted, and encoded into short-term memory |
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