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Definition
| The concept of the self; that is, our knowledge about who we are. |
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Definition
| The act of thinking about ourselves. |
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Definition
| Mental structures that people use to organize their knowledge about themselves and that influence what they notice, think about, and remember about themselves. |
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| The tendency for people to remember information better if they relate to it themselves. |
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Term
| Independent View of the Self |
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Definition
| A way of defining oneself in terms of one's relationship to other peopl; recognizing that one's behavior is often determined by the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others. |
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Definition
| The process whereby people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives. |
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| The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values. |
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Definition
| Theories about the causes of one's own feelings and behaviors; often we learn such theories from our culture. |
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Term
| Reasons-Generated Attribute Change |
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Definition
| Attitude change resulting from thinking about the reasons for one's attitudes; people assume their attitudes match the reasons that are plausible and easy to verbalize. |
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Definition
| The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs. |
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Definition
| The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures. |
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Definition
| The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting. |
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Definition
| The tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by compelling extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate the extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rewards that are given for performing a task, regardless of how well the task is done. |
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Term
| Performance-Contingent Rewards |
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Definition
| Rewards that are based on how well we perform a task. |
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Term
| Two-Factor Theory of Emotion |
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Definition
| The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it. |
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Term
| Misattribution of Arousal |
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Definition
| The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do. |
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Term
| Appraisal Theories of Emotion |
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Definition
| Theories holding that emotions result from people's interpretations and explanations of events, even in the absence of physiological arousal. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people. |
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Term
| Downward Social Comparison |
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Definition
| Comparing ourselves to people who are worse than we on a particular trait or ability. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comparing ourselves to people who are better than we are on a particular trait or ability. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process whereby people adopt another person's attitudes. |
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Definition
| The attempt by people to get others to see them as they want to be seen. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process whereby people flatter, praise, and generally try to make themselves likable to another person, often of higher status. |
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Term
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Definition
| The strategy whereby people create obstacles and excuses for themselves so that if they do poorly on a task, they can avoid blaming themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency to focus on and present positive information about oneself and to minimize negative information. |
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