Term
| the reaction to a real threat |
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Definition
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Term
| being threatened by something not necessarily real |
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Definition
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Term
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder Characterized by at least |
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Definition
| 6 months of persistent and excessive anxiety or worry that interferes with normal functioning |
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Term
| The worry and anxiety are difficult for the patient to control and are associated with |
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Definition
| edginess or restlessness, easy fatigability, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, or sleep disturbance |
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Term
| Patient with GAD usually complain of |
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Definition
| feeling uptight or constantly nervous |
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Term
| Worries are typically about |
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Definition
routine life circumstances
(The magnitude of worry is out of proportion to the severity of the situation) |
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Term
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Definition
Muscle aches
Twitching, trembling
Sweating
Dry mouth
Headaches
GI symptoms
Urinary frequency |
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Term
| Anxiety Due to a General Medical Condition Characterized by |
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Definition
| prominent symptoms of anxiety that are judged to be a direct physiological consequence of a general medical condition |
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Term
| Substance-induced anxiety disorder Characterized by |
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Definition
prominent symptoms of anxiety that are judged to be a direct physiological consequence of a drug of abuse, a medication, or toxin exposure
(Corticosteroids are associated with high levels of anxiety) |
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Term
| Differential Diagnosis for GAD |
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Definition
Cardiovascular problems
Pulmonary embolism
Arrhythmias
Neurological conditions (such as vestibular dysfunction) |
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Term
Relaxation techniques
Uses muscle-relaxation therapy
such as |
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Definition
Hypnosis
Biofeedback
meditation |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle tension and also anxiety levels |
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Term
A discrete period in which there is the sudden onset of intense apprehension, fearfulness, or terror
Intensity increases over a 10 minute period
Typically lasts for approximately 30 minutes
Often associated with feelings of impending doom |
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Definition
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Term
Unexpected (untriggered or uncued)
or
Situationally bound (always environmentally or psychologically cued)
or
Situationally predisposed (sometimes, but not invariably, cued)
are all characteristic of |
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Definition
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Term
Shortness of breath
Palpitations
Chest pain or discomfort
Choking or smothering sensations
Fear of “going crazy” or losing control
Excessive sweating
Rubbery or “jelly” legs
are all symptoms of |
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Definition
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Term
| Panic attacks Occur in a number of anxiety disorders other than a panic disorder such as |
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Definition
Social phobia
Specific phobia
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Post traumatic Stress disorder |
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Term
| A panic attack is not considered to be a |
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Definition
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Term
| Often, it is the anxiety and worry BETWEEN panic attacks (called ______________) that becomes the most disabling feature |
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Definition
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Term
Certain occurrences can mimic a panic attack
such as |
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Definition
Caffeine or other stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines)
Asthma and other pulmonary diseases
Angina, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, TIAs and seizure disorders |
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Term
| _____________ is widely considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of panic |
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Definition
| Serotonin (can be too much or too little |
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Term
| Panic disorder is _________ higher in families with diagnosed panic disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| Anxiety about, or avoidance of, places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help may not be available in the event of having a panic attack or panic-like symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| an excessive and UNREASONABLE degree of fear triggered either by exposure or anticipation of a specific object or circumstance |
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Definition
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Term
| * Fear of enclosed spaces |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Fear of sexual intercourse |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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| * Fear of needles or pins |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| * Fear of crossing bridges |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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| - Fear of driving or riding in vehicles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Medications used to treat phobias: |
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Definition
| Beta-blockers, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, MAO inhibitors |
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Term
| Cognitive behavioral therapy works for people with phobias by |
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Definition
Challenges the accuracy of their perceptions
They learn how to decrease their physiological responses |
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Term
Patient Characteristics
Denies problem and its importance
Is reluctant to discuss problem
Problem is identified by others
Show reactance when pressured
High risk of argument |
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Definition
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Term
Clinician strategies
Ask permission to discuss problem
Inquire about patient’s thoughts
Gently point out discrepancies
Express concern
Ask patient to think, talk, or read about situation between visits |
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Definition
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Term
Patient Characteristics
Shows openness to talk, read, and think about problem
Weighs pros and cons
Dabbles in action |
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Definition
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Term
Clinician Strategies
Elicit patient’s perspective first
Help identify pros and cons of change
Ask what would promote commitment
Suggest trials |
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Definition
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Term
Patient Characteristics
Understands that change is needed
Begins to form commitment to specific goals, methods, and timetables
Can picture overcoming obstacles
May procrastinate about setting start date for change |
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Definition
| Preparation/Determination |
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Term
Clinician strategies
Summarize patient’s reason for change
Negotiate a start date to begin some or all change activities
Encourage patient to announce publicly
Arrange a follow-up contact at or shortly after start date |
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Definition
| Preparation/Determination |
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Term
Patient Characteristic
Follows a plan of regular activity to change problem
Can describe plan in detail (unlike dabbling in action of contemplator)
Shows commitment in facing obstacles
Resists slips
Is particularly vulnerable to abandoning effort impulsively |
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Definition
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Term
Clinician Strategies
Show interest in specifics of plan
Discuss difference between slip and relapse
Help anticipate how to handle a slip
Support and reemphasize pros of changing
Help to modify action plan if aspects are not working well.
Arrange follow-up contact for support |
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Definition
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Term
Patient Characteristics
Has accomplished change or improvement through focused action
Has varying levels of awareness regarding importance of long-term vigilance
May already be losing ground through slips or wavering commitment
Has feelings about how much the change has actually improved life
May be developing life-style that precludes relapse into former problem |
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Definition
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Term
Clinician Strategies
Show support and admiration
Inquire about feelings and expectations and how ell they were met
Ask about slips, any signs of wavering commitment
Help create plan for intensifying activity should slips occur
Support life-style and personal redefinition that reduce risk of relapse
Reflect on the long term-and possibly permanent-nature of this stage as opposed to the more immediate gratification of initial success |
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Definition
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Term
Patient Characteristics
Consistent return to problem behavior after period of resolution
Begins as slips that are not effectively resisted
May have cycled back to precontemplation, contemplation, or determination stages
Lessening time spent in this stage is a key to making greater progress toward fully integrated, successful, long-term change |
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Definition
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Term
Clinician Strategies
Frame relapse as a learning opportunity in preparation for next action stage
Ask about specifics of change and relapse
Remind patient that contemplation work is still valid (reasons for changing)
Use “when” rather than “if” in describing next change attempt
Normalize relapse as the common experience on the path to successful long-term change |
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