Term
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Definition
1. Light = electromagnetic energy
2. Composed of photons
3. Those photons travel in waves
4. Best analogy: droplets of water in the ocean
5. Visual light spectrum: part of electromagnetic energy that an animal’s eye perceives |
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Term
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Definition
a. Light passes through here first
b. Clear
c. Should be smooth, if not creates astigmatism |
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Term
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Definition
1. Skin like layer on the back of the eye
2. Contain the actual vision receptors
a. Rods: rod-like
b. Cones: cone-like
3. Rods process: light/dark or black/white
4. Cones process: color
5. Rods and cones are concentrated in or near the fovea (indentation in the retina)
6. Optic disk or blind spot
a. Where the optic nerve exists the eyeball
b. No rods or cones over it |
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Term
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Definition
or blind spot
a. Where the optic nerve exists the eyeball
b. No rods or cones over it |
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Term
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Definition
Hypermetropia: farsightedness
a. Only see far objects clearly
b. Lens too flat
c. Eye is too short
d. Light is focusing beyond the retina
e. Convex lens |
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Term
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Definition
Three kinds of cones
i. Red
ii. Green
iii. Blue
iv. By mixing combinations of these cones, we can see any color
c. But: problem- after image problem |
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Term
| Gestalt rules of organization |
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Definition
1. Proximity: things that are close together belong together 2. Similarity: similar objects belong together
a. Categorize
b. Organize
c. Sort 3. Contrasts and edges
a. Show divisions between proximal or similar objects
b. Dividing line
c. Whydon’twewritelikethis
d. Closure: like things to come to a natural conclusion or end
4. Good figure or pragnanz: simple and natural, not artificial shapes
5. Good continuation: like
6. Common fate: make the figure have gestalt organization if it isn’t there |
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Term
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Definition
a. serialization: ordering
b. number or sequence
c. Expectation in what comes next |
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Term
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Definition
| make the figure have gestalt organization if it isn’t there |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to see the world in 3-D, even though the image focused on the retina is flat. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fact that our peceptions of the size of objects are relatively constant despite the fact that the size of objects on the retina vary greatly with distance. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Pinna: outermost skin and cartilage part of the ear 2. Outer canal
3. Middle ear:
a. Ear drum or tympanic membrane
b. Three bones:
i. Malleus or hammer
ii. Incus or anvil
iii. Stapes or stirrup
c. Function is mechanical: pushing the sound back into the cochlea
4. Middle ear problems
a. Bad eardrums from injection or injury
b. New ear drum; tympanoplasty
c. Three bones may calcify
i. Get a calcium buildup
ii. Don’t move anymore
iii. Titanium bones
iv. Otosclerosis
B. Inner ear
1. Oval window: opening in the bone to the cochlea
2. Cochlea: snail like indentation of the skull
a. Should have at least three turns, if not- Mondini defect
b. Three separate chambers
i. Vestibular membrane
ii. Basilar membrane
iii. Tectal membrane |
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