Term
Accomodation-PIAGET
THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT |
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Definition
| A change of function in accordance with the environment or modification of the schema |
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| Process of changing elements of the environment so they will fit into the current cognitive structure or schema |
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| Theoretical perspective - all behavior can be described by the principles of conditioning |
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| Process that enables learning to occur from repeatedly pairing some neural stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a response |
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| Theory that attempts to describe change as a function of time |
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Formal Operations-PIAGET
THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT |
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Definition
The last and highest phase in Piagets theory of cog. dev.
The ability to manipulate problems mentally using logic /Early adolescents |
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| Modeling- BANDURAS SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY |
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| Proposes that children do not need to be directly reinforced to learn certain social skills, can learn by watching/receiving reinforcement. |
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| Any performance of movement that can be observed or documented. |
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| Acquisition of motor behavior that is maturational in origin. |
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Motor Learning
*Learning & Approach to therapeutic intervention following injury... |
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| directed toward searching for a motor solution that comes from an interaction of the individual w. the task and the environment. |
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| Type of behavioral conditioning in which the behavioral response is strengthened in the prescence of reinforcers. |
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| Emotional/Behavioral characteristics of an individual |
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| Preoperational Stage 3-6 years Intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols,language use matures, & memory and imagination is developed.. |
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Definition
| Learning continues to be greatly influenced BY EXPERIENCE, children are EGOCENTRIC. |
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Definition
| Consequence to an action that modifies the likelihood of the action being repeated. |
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Temperament
Collection of inborn differences among inidividuals that is closely related to personality |
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Definition
| The way an individual reacts to situations. |
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| Set of propositions describing operations and cause of natural phenomena |
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| Zone of proximal development VGOTSKYS THEORY |
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Definition
| Childs preparedness to learn that minimal support from the environment will result in learning. |
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| self-actualization MASLOW |
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Definition
| Highest Level in Maslows hierarchy |
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| sensorimotor stage AGE 0-2 years Intelligence is demonstrated through motor activity without the use of symbols |
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Definition
like written or spoken language & knowledge of the world is based on childs physical interactions/experiences. |
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| concrete operations PIAGETS theory of cognitive development 3RD STAGE/ SCHOOL AGE CHILD |
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Definition
Child performs manipulations on the envt. using organized cog. structures
*REVERSIBILITY OF ACTIONS
*MASTERY OF CONSERVATION TASKS |
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Definition
| Viewed development as a series of conflicts/crises that must be resolved. |
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TRUST VS MISTRUST
=LOVING RELATIONSHIP |
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AUTONOMY VS SHAME/DOUBT
=FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT |
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| ERIKSON STAGE THREE PRESCHOOL |
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Definition
INTIATIVE VS GUILT =
SOCIAL CHALLENGES/BECOMES CONFIDENT |
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ERIKSON STAGE 4
SCHOOL AGE |
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Definition
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
=PEER COMPARISON/NEW SKILLS |
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| ERIKSON STAGE 5 ADOLESCENCE |
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Definition
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION =
DEVELOP RELATIONSHIPS/LOVE |
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ERIKSON STAGE 6
YOUNG ADULT |
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Definition
IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION
=ADULT OCCUPATIONAL ROLES |
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Definition
GENERATIVITY vs STAGNATION
=SATISFACTION IN OCCUPATION |
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Definition
EGO INTEGRITY vs DESPAIR
=FULFILLMENT/LIFE SATISFACTION |
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Definition
* SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY LINKED TO MODELING
*RECIPROCAL DETERMINISM |
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Definition
1 ATTENTION TO MODEL
2 RETENTION OF PAST EXPERIENCES
3 REPRODUCE RESPONSE PHYSICALLY
4 MOTIVATION TO PRODUCE RESPONSE |
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| BANDURAS SOCIAL LEARNING INCORPORATED |
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Definition
| information processing theory, involves memory, imagery, and problem solving |
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Definition
| Director of Yale Clinic of Child Development |
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Term
LAWS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DIRECTION-GESELL
1. DEVELOPMENT OCCURS IN CEPHALOCAUDAL DIRECTION |
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Definition
1.INFANT GAINS CONTROL:
head,shoulder,spine then lower legs |
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Term
LAWS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DIRECTION-GESELL
2. DEVELOPMENT-PROXIMAL TO DISTAL |
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Definition
2. INFANT GAINS CONTROL:
Shoulder, Hip BEFORE Hand and Foot |
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Term
LAWS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DIRECTION-GESELL
3. DEVELOPMENT OCCURS MEDIAL to LATERAL |
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Definition
3. INFANT GAINS CONTROL:
Ulnar/ Medial HAND GRASP to Radial/Lateral |
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Term
LAWS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DIRECTION-GESELL
4. DEVELOPMENT OCCURS AGAINST GRAVITY |
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Definition
4.INFANTS GAIN CONTROL:
Elbows, Hands, All limbs, and then start to stand and walk. |
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Definition
| Development of higher-level behaviors of morality and social conciousness. |
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KOHLBERG PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL 1
AGE 4-10 |
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Definition
| Rules are obeyed in order to avoid being punished. |
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KOHLBERG CONVENTIONAL LEVEL 2
PRE-ADOLESCENTS |
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Definition
| Rules are obeyed to be good responsible people in society. |
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KOHLBERG CONVENTIONAL LEVEL 3
ADOLESCENTS |
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Definition
| Obey Rules to maintain respect of others. |
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KOHLBERG CONVENTIONAL LEVEL 4
YOUNG ADULT |
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Definition
| Conform to societys rules |
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KOHLBERG POST CONVENTIONAL LEVEL 5
ADULT |
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| Reaches a social contract/agreed upon rights/that protect all. |
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Definition
| ORGANISMIC THEORY/ HIERARCHY OF NEEDS |
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Definition
PHYSIOLOGICAL HEALTH NEEDS 1 EMOTIONAL PERSONAL NEEDS 2 PARTICIPATION/EXTRA PERSONAL NEEDS 3
LIFE SATISFACTION/ ESTEEM 4 |
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| IVAN PAVLOV= CLASSICAL CONDITIONING |
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Definition
| Hungry dogs could be conditioned to salivate at bell/ origin of behaviorism |
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| JEAN PIAGET= THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT |
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Definition
| Worked with children, intelligence tests, identified assimilation/accomodation |
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Definition
1 SENSORIMOTOR
Reacts to stimuli |
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| 2 PREOPERATIONAL symbolic function/egocentrism/centration |
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3 CONCRETE OPERATIONS
Identity-different shapes/sizes Conservation-distance/time/speed |
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Definition
| 4 FORMAL OPERATIONS perform mental operations/ abstract representations/deductive reasoning |
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| ROBERT SEARS= PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY |
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Definition
| Young child cannot distinguish between self & Mother, child reproduces mothers actions through imitations/ becomes reinforcer |
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| BF SKINNER= OPERANT CONDITIONING |
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Definition
Relies on study of responses/reinforcement
Positive reinforcement works Punishment doesnt |
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ALEXANDER THOMAS= TEMPERAMENT THEORY
BEHAVIORAL |
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Definition
Developed temperament theory
easy baby, slow to warm up, difficult |
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Term
VYGOTSKY=
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT |
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Definition
| Emphasis on socio-cultural influences on cognitive development, developed zone of proximal dev. /private speech |
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Definition
| predict/ control behavior. Little Albert...conditions 11 mo old to be afraid of a white rat |
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