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PT 100 Cells,Tissue & Cancer
definitions
58
Other
Undergraduate 2
02/23/2008

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Term
chromosome
Definition
an X-shaped structure in a cell's nucleus that bears DNA
Term
cytoplasm
Definition

a thick fluid that contains organelles and forms the main substance of the cell

Term
neuroglial cells
Definition
supportive cells within nervous tissue
Term
nucleus
Definition
the part of the cell that contains the DNA
Term
organ
Definition
a structure made up of two or more different types of tissue that performs a general function in the body
Term
organelle
Definition
small structures within the cytoplasm that perform most cell functions
Term
organism
Definition
the complete human body that is capable of survival
Term
epithelial tissue (epithelium)
Definition
tissue consisting of closely arranged cells that are flat, cube-shaped or columnar
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
muscle tissue that forms the wall of the heart and pushes the blood through the circulatory system
Term
cell membrane
Definition
the outer boundary of the cell, composed of mostly protein and lipids, which regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell
Term
cell
Definition
the most basic living unit
Term
connective tissue
Definition
tissue consisting of widely scattered cells surrounded by extracellular material rich in protein fibers and fluid that connects, supports, and protects; it is found in the joints, bones and in between organs
Term
DNA
Definition
the universal acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid
Term
genes
Definition
components of DNA that carry hereditary information
Term
gland
Definition
a structure made of one or more cells within the primary function of secretion
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
tissue consisting of cells that are specialized to contract
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
tissue consisting of cells that are specialized to carry information in the form of electrochemical pulses
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
muscle tissue that connects to bones and whose contraction causes bones to move
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
muscle tissue within the walls of hollow organs whose contractions propel materials through them
Term
tissue
Definition
a group of similar cells that share a common goal or function
Term
anaplasia
Definition
a loss of structural organization in a tissue that is permanent
Term
dysplasia
Definition
abnormal tissue development
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
an increase in the number of cells in a tissue, other than by tumor devdelopment
Term
metastasis (Mets)
Definition
the spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor
Term
remission
Definition
improvement or absence of signs of a disease
Term
adenocarcinoma (Adeno-Ca)
Definition
a malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue
Term
adenoma
Definition
a benign tumor of glandular epithelial tissue
Term
benign
Definition
adjective describing a noninvasive, slow-growing tumor; nonmalignant
Term
cancer in situ
Definition
cancer in the early stages prior to metastasis
Term

cancer (CA)

Definition
a disease characterized by the aggressive, unregulated growth of abnormal cells and their spreading to other tissues
Term
carcinoma
Definition
a cancer or malignant tumor
Term
carcinogen
Definition
a substance that causes cancer
Term
epithelioma
Definition
a tumor that originates from epithelium, usually from the skin
Term
fibroma
Definition
a benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue
Term
fibrosarcoma
Definition
a malignant tumor originating from fibrous connective tissue
Term
leiomyoma
Definition
a benign tumor of smooth muscle
Term
leiomyosarcoma
Definition
a carcinoma that originates from smooth muscle
Term
lipoma
Definition
a benign tumor of fat tissue
Term
lymphoma
Definition
a malignant solid tumor of lymphoid tissue
Term
malignant
Definition
an adjective describing an aggressive, life-threatening, invasive tumor
Term
melanoma
Definition
a cancer that bears a dark pigment, usually arising from pigment-producing cells of the skin
Term
myroma
Definition
a benign tumor of muscle tissue
Term
neoplasm
Definition
a new growth of anbnormal cells; a tumor
Term
neuroma
Definition
a tumor that originates from nervous tissue
Term
oncogenic
Definition
adjective meaning causing tumors
Term
osteosarcoma
Definition
a malignant cancer of the bone
Term

rhabdomyoma

Definition
a benign tumor that originates from skeletal muscle, which consists of rod-shaped cells
Term
rhabdomyosarcoma
Definition
a malignant tumor that originates from skeletal muscle, which consists of rod-shaped cells
Term
sarcoma
Definition
a tumor arising from connective tissue that is almost always malignant
Term
chemotherapy (chemo)
Definition

treatment using drugs

Term
cytology
Definition
the field of study concerned with the structure and function of cells
Term
cytologist
Definition
a scientist or technician who studies cell structure and function
Term
histologist
Definition
a scientist or technician who studies or identifies tissues
Term
oncology
Definition
the study of tumors
Term
histology
Definition
the study of tissue
Term
radiotherapy
Definition
treatment of cancer using radioactive materials
Term
TNM
Definition
tumor, node, metastasis
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