Term
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Definition
Consumed all year long
Low moisture at harvest
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Term
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Definition
Piles on the ground
Grain bins
Bags
Underground storage
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Term
| What are grain storage characteristics? |
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Definition
Pouring grain into bin forms a cone (angle of repose)
Pressure of grain pile is not proportional to height
Heavier kernels falls faster, but trash remains trapped in centre |
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Term
| What are 3 types of problems that can occur in the flow of grain bins? |
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Definition
Hang up (side storage)
Rat hole (stored grain on both sides)
Bridge (blockage in the middle) |
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Term
| What are the economic and biological impact of moisture? |
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Definition
Grain is traded on a moisture content
Microorganisms are a problem with grain deterioration |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of moisture migration in grain bins? |
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Definition
Cool air sinks - reaches bottom - warms up through grain - see grain spoilage on top
Warm air rises - releases moisture as it hits cooler grain - see grain spoilage lower in bin |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of drying? |
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Definition
Low Temperature
- Use ambient air
- Cools grain with no heat damage
- Takes a long time
High Temperature
- Forces air through grain
- Shorter time needed
- Energy cost, heat damage, discolouration, affects germination |
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Term
| What are some considerations to make in cereal drying? |
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Definition
size and shape of grain
% of broken kernels
2x airflow = 3x pressure |
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Term
| What are some microflora in cereals? |
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Definition
Aspergilus - grows at low moisture
Penicillium - higher moistures
Fusarium - produces vomitoxin
Aspergillus flavus & parasiticus - produces aflatoxin |
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Term
| Why are insects a problem for grain storage? |
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Definition
Hidden
- weevils, grain borders, moths
External
- beetles
KEEP TEMPERATURES BELOW 10C and LOW MOISTURE |
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Term
| What is the process of milling? |
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Definition
Farm
Grain Elevator
Transported
International Storage Elevators |
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Term
| What are principal grading factors in wheat? |
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Definition
test weight (grain weight per bushel)
Varietal purity (equal quality) |
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Term
| What are 3 grading factors? |
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Definition
1. Vitreousness
- traslucence indicates hardness
- Hard wheat has tight interaction between protein and starch (less room for air)
2. Soundness
- kernels are free from damage, disease, etc.
3. Foreign Material Dockage
- limit to foreign material allowed in wheat
4. Diseases
- Pie ball, fusarium, black point |
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Term
| Why is a magnet used in Mills? |
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Definition
| To pick up any foreign matter. Grain dust is explodable |
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Term
| What are the 5 components of cleaning house? |
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Definition
1. Separator - removes foreign material
2. Concentrator - seperates high, mixed and low density materials
3. Combi-cleaner - makes 4 groups
4. Destoner - removes stone
5. Disc Separator - air is moved through grain |
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Term
| What are the 2 parts of wheat tempering? |
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Definition
1. Technovator - upward inclination with water to add moisture to wheat
2. Tempering Bins - temporary storage bins for moisture to equilibriate (soft wheat 16 hrs, hard wheat 24 hrs)
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