What is Abstract Impressionsism?

(When was it started? Who started it? Other artists?)

American art movement of the 1940's that emphazised form and color w/in a representationak framework. John Pollock initiated the technique by splattering the paint directly on the canvas to achieve a subconscious interpretation of the artist's inner vision of reality.

Other Arists: Willem de Kooning, and Mark Rothko

What is Art Deco?

(Time, and who started it)

What is Art Nouveau?

(Time,art work, and artists.)

1890's style in architecture, graphic arts, and interior decoration characterized by writhing forms, curving lines, and assymetrical organization. Some critics regard this style as the first stage of modern architecture. Used mainly for intior decoration and design of glassware, jewelry, and other ornamental objects.

1. The posters of Henri de Toulousse-Lautrec of France
2. Colorful glassware of Louis Comfort Tiffany of the U.S.

What is the Ashcan School?

(Founder, time, etc)

A group of New York realist artists, formed in1908, who abandoned decorous subject matter and potrayed the more common as well as the sordid aspects of city life. They were also called "The Eight".

Robert Henri(founder)

Forms of modern sculpture and painting that utilize readymades, found objects, and pasted fragments to form an abstract composition.

• Louis Nevelson:created boxlike enclosures, each w/ its own composition of assembled objects - illistrates this style in architecture
• Pablo Picasso:Developed yhe technique of cutting and pasting natural or manufactured materials to a painted or unpainted surface

A group of painters, who, around the middle of the nineteeth century, reacted against classical landscape and avocated a dircet study of nature, the simple aspects of nature.

• Théodore Rousseau: Artist most associated w/ movement
• Jean Franςois Milet

European art and architecture of the 17th and 18th centuries. It first

appeared in Rome in the late 1500's. Baroque is characterized by large scale,

dramatic details

A. Magnificent Baroque palaces include Versailles in France and Zwinger

in Germany.

B. Architects - Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini

C. Peter Paul Rubens - chief Baroque artist

D. Michelangelo de Caravaggio and Diego Velázquez

Elaborate and formal architectural style characterized by symmetry and

an abundance of sculptured ornamentation

A. New York's old Custom House at Bowling Green

The work of American artists of African descent

produced in various styles characterized by a mood of protest and a search for identity

and historical roots.

A form of art derived from the study of Greek and Roman styles

characterized by harmony, balance, and serenity. It is the opposite of Romanticism.

A. Italian artist Raphael and French artist Nicolas Paussin

A form of sculpture using wood, metal, glass, and modern industrial

materials expressing the technological society.

A. The mobiles of Alexander Calder

Early twentieth century French movement marked by a revolutionary

departure from representational art. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque penetrated

the surface of objects, stressing basic abstract geometric forms that presented the

object from many angles simultaneously.

A. Other Cubist artists include: Juan Gris of Spain, Robert Delaunay of France,

and Fernand Léger of France

A product of the turbulent and cynical post-World War I period, this anti-art

movement extolled the irrational, the absurd, the nihilistic (rejection of customary

beliefs), and the nonsensical.

A. Marcel Duchamp's painting of "Mona Lisa" with a moustache

B. This movement is a precursor of "Surrealism"

C. The word "dada" is the French word for "hobby horse"; it was chosen because

it is nonsensical word.

D. Artists include: Jean Arp, Marcel Janco, Francis Picabia, Max Ernst, and

Kurt Schwitters

A twentieth century European art movement that stresses the

expression of emotion and the inner vision of the artist rather than the exact

representation of nature.

A. Vincent Van Gogh - "Starry Night"

B. Paul Gauguin - French artist

C. James Ensor - Belgium artist

D. Edvard Munch - Norwegian artist who painted "The Scream"

E. Other artists include: Emile Nolde, Ernest Ludwig Kirchner, Paul Klee,

Franz Marc, Wassily Kandinsky, Georges Rouault, Marc Chagall, Max

Beckman, George Grosz, and Oskar Kokoschka

The name "Wild Beasts" was given to this group of early 20th-century

French artists because their work was characterized by distortion and intense colors.

A. Henri Matisse and Georges Roualt were the leaders of this group.

B. Other artists include: André Derain, Raoul Dufy, and Maurice de Vlaminck

This early twentieth-century movement originated in Italy and glorified the

machine age; it attempted to represent machines and figures in motion. The aesthetics

of Futurism affirmed the beauty of technological society.

A. Artists include: Giacomo Balla, Carlo Carrà, Luigí Russolo, Gino Severini,

and Umberto Boccioni

This French word meaning "type" now refers to paintings that depict scenes of

everyday life without any attempt at idealization. Genre paintings can be found in all

ages, but the Dutch productions of peasant and tavern scenes are typical

It replaced the Romanesque style of art during

the 1200's. Gothic architecture featured large windows, stained glass, and pointed

arches

ribbed vaults

flying buttresses

Late nineteenth century French school dedicated to defining

transitory visual impressions painted directly from nature, with light and color of primary

importance. If the atmosphere changed, a totally different picture would emerge. It was

not the object or the event that counted, but the visual impression as caught at a certain

time of day under a certain light.

A. French impressionists include: Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir,Edgar Degas

, Edouard Manet, Berthe Morisot, and Camille Pissarro

B. French sculptor Auguste Rodin

C. American impressionists include: James Whistler and Mary Cassatt

D. English impressionists include: Alfred Sisley

A mid-sixteenth century movement, Italian in origin, although El Greco

was a major practitioner of the style. The human figure, distorted and elongated, was

the most frequent subjects

A. Later works of Michelangelo and Raphael

B. Leading representative artists were Giorgio Vasari and Bronzion

C. Rosso Fiorentino and Francesco Primaticcio

D. El Greco - brought mannerism to Spain from Italy

 E. Architect Giulio Romano

Benvenuto Cellini

An eighteenth century reaction to the excesses of Baroque and

Rococo, this European art movement tried to recreate the art of Greece and Rome by

imitating the ancient classics both in style and subject manner.

A. Jacques Louis David - leading neoclassical artist

B. Jean Auguste Dominique

A school of painting associated with George Seurat and his followers in late nineteenth century that sought to make impressionism more precise and formal. They employed a technique of juxtaposing dots of primary colors to achieve brighter secondary colors, with the mixture left to the eye to complete

(pointilism).

The 1960's movement known as Optical Painting is characterized by

geometrical forms that create an optical illusion in which the eye is required to

blend the colors at a certain distance.

A. Artists include: Bridget Riley, Victor Vasarely, Cruz Diez, and Julio Leparche

In this return to representational art, the artist returns to the world of tangible

objects in a reaction against abstraction. Materials are drawn from the everyday world

of popular culture - comic strips, canned goods, and science fiction.

A. Andy Warhol - "Campbell Soup Cans"

B. Jasper Johns

C. Roy Lichtenstein

D. Robert Rauschenberg

Art movement that attempted in various ways to extend the

visual language of painting beyond impressionism.

A. Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent Van Gogh, Henrí Rousseau,

Georges Seurat, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

A development in mid-nineteenth century France led by Gustave Courbet.

Its aim was to depict the customs, ideas, and appearances of the time using scenes

from everyday life.

A. Francisco Goya

B. Camille Corot and Honoré Daumier

C. American Realists include: Winslow Homer, Thomas Eakins, and Grant Wood

D. George Bellows, John Steuart Curry, Edward Hopper, and Reginald Marsh

E. Ashcan School - John Sloan, Robert Henri, and William Glackens

Began in Italy in the late 1300's. Great revival of interest in the arts and

literature of ancient Rome. The Italian city of Florence and the northern European

region of Flanders became the major centers of painting during this time period.

A. Florentine Masters included Fra Angelico, Andrea Mantegna, Sandro Botticelli,

and Leonardo da Vinci.

B. Flemish Masters (Flanders) included Jan van Eyck and Pieter Bruegel the

Elder

C. Rome replaced Florence as the center of Renaissance painting by the early

1500's.

1. Raphael

2. Titian

3. Tintoretto

4. El Greco

A French style of interior decoration developed during the reign of Louis XV

consisting mainly of asymmetrical arrangements of curves in paneling, porcelain, and

gold and silver objects. The characteristics of ornate curves, prettiness, and gaiety can

also be found in the painting and sculpture of the period. The term "rococo" comes

from a French word for a fanciful rock or shell design. It implies a refined, elegant

feeling, and style.

A. Artists included: François Boucher, Jean Honoré Fragonard, and Antoine

Watteau

Painting during the 1000's and 1100's that appeared in western

Europe. It combined elements of classical Rome, early Christian, Byzantine, and

Carolingian art. Romanesque artists painted beautiful frescoes on the stone walls

of churches.

Reaction against the neoclassical emphasis on balanced, orderly

pictures. Romantic painters expressed the imagination and emotions of the artist.

A. Francisco Goya (also a realist)

B. John Constable and Joseph M. W. Turner

C. Eugene Delacroix

A further development of collage, Cubism, and Dadaism, this twentieth

century movement stresses the weird, the fantastic, and the dream world of the

subconscious.

A. Salvador Dali - "Persistence of Memory"

B. Max Ernst

C. Other artists included: Joan Miró, André Breton, and René Magritte

As part of a general European movement in the latter part of the

nineteenth century, it was closely allied with Symbolism in literature. It marked a turning

point from painting by observation to transforming fact into a symbol of inner

experience. Paul Gauguin was an early practitioner.

- a continuous aisle in a circular building. In a church, it serves as

the semicircular aisle that encloses the apse

Apse

a series of arches supported by columns or piers - may also refer to the

passageway formed by the arches

- curved structure used to support the weight of the structure above it - the

stone at the top of the arch is called the keystone

a support built against the outside wall of a building. A flying buttress

is an arched support that extends from a column or pier to a wall

a horizontal projection of a beam which is supported at one end only,

example is a balcony

a row of columns - the columns are usually set at an equal distance

from each other

a vertical support - it consists of a shaft and a capital, and often sits on

a base

Roman order that resembles the Corinthian order, but has a

capital that combines the Corinthian acanthus leaf decoration with volutes from

the Ionic order

last of the three Greek orders - it resembles the Ionic order, but

has an elaborate capital that is decorated with carvings of leaves of the

acanthus plant

the first and simplest of the three Greek orders. The Doric is the only

order that normally has no base.

the upper horizontal part of an order between a capital and the roof.

It is made up of the architrave, frieze, and cornice. (Basically, it's all the stuff that

sits atop the column.)

the middle part of the entablature - It is decorated frequently with a

horizontal band of relief sculpture.

the second of the Greek orders - it has a capital decorated with

carved spiral scrolls called volutes.

a measurement which architects use to establish the proportions of an

entire structure. Example - the diameter of a column

the chief area within a church - it extends from the main entrance to the

transept.

a triangular area between the horizontal entablature and the sloping

roof at the front of a classical-style building

a curved support shaped like an inverted triangle. Its purpose is to

hold up a dome.

method of construction in which vertical beams (posts) support

a horizontal beam (lintel)

the main part of a column below the capital - Many shafts have shallow

vertical grooves called fluting

Roman order that resembles the Doric order, but the shaft has no

fluting (vertical grooves)

an arched ceiling commonly made of brick, stone, or concrete

a. Barrel vault - the simplest order of vault; it is a single continuous arch

b. Groined vault - formed by joining two barrel vaults at right angles

c. Ribbed vault - has diagonal arches that project from the inner surface