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| visual arts (or fine art) |
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Definition
Expressive human creation appreciated principally by the eyes.
Has a special importance to society; while it might be utilitarian, it communicates a meaning greater than its simple purpose, due to its beauty, its revelatory power (its power to reveal a truth) or insight, its originality or creativity, etc. |
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| The material (for example, marble, bronze, clay, fresco) in which an artist works; also, in painting, the vehicle (usually liquid) that carries the pigment. |
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| A coloring material which is suspended in a medium, such as oil in oil paint. A pigment needs to be stable and withstand light, air, and moisture. |
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| Figures projecting from a background of which they are a part. |
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| Freestanding figures, carved or modeled in three dimensions. |
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| The person or entity that pays an artist to produce individual artworks or employs an artist on a continuing basis. This act is called patronage. |
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| formal analysis (or visual analysis) |
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| Analysis of the visual characteristics of a work of art, such as size, shape, style, forms, etc. |
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| The study of a work of art's subject matter or symbolism. |
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| The degree of a color's lightness or darkness. |
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| The purity, or saturation, of a color; its brightness or dullness. |
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| Greek, "great stone." A large, roughly hewn stone used in the construction of monumental prehistoric structures. |
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| post and lintel construction |
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| A system of construction in which two posts support a lintel, or a horizontal beam used to span an opening. |
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| twisted perspective (or composite view) |
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| A convention of representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part of the same figure is shown frontally. |
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| An artistic convention in which greater size indicates greater importance. |
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| Venus of Willendorf, ca. 28,000 BCE, limestone |
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| Lascaux Cave, France, ca. 15,000 BCE, mural paintings |
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| Stonehenge, England, ca. 2000 BCE, stone |
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| An ancient Egyptian king. |
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| In ancient Egypt, the immortal human life force or soul. |
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| Arabic, "bench." An ancient Egyptian rectangular brick or stone structure with sloping sides erected over a subterranean tomb chamber connected with the outside by a shaft. |
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| A monumental sturcture with a square or triangular base and inclined triangular sides meeting at a point. |
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| sarcophagus (pl. sarcophagi) |
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| Greek, "consumer of flesh." A coffin, usually of stone. |
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| Carefully cut and regularly shaped blocks of stone used in construction, fitted together without mortar. |
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| Palette of King Narmer, Hierakonpolis (Egypt), ca. 3000 BCE, slate |
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| Great Pyramids, Gizeh (Egypt), ca. 2500 BCE |
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| Statue of Pharaoh Menkaure and Queen, ca. 2500 BCE, stone |
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| Death Mask of Tutankhamen, ca. 1300 BCE, gold and semiprecious stones |
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| Hypostyle Hall of Temple of Amen-Re, Karnak (Egypt), ca. 1250 BCE |
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| A projecting wall member used as a support for some element in the superstructure. |
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A masonry roof or ceiling constructed on the arch principle, or a concrete roof of the same shape.
A corbeled vault is a vault formed by the piling of stone blocks in horizontal courses, cantilevered inward until the blocks meet at a keystone. |
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| The chamber at the center of an ancient temple; in a classical temple, the room in which the cult statue (statue of a deity) usually stood. |
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| A vertical, weight-carrying architectural member, circular in cross-section and consisting of a base (sometimes omitted), a shaft, and a capital. |
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| Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae (Greece), ca. 1300-1250 BCE. |
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| perspective, linear perspective, and atmospheric perspective |
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Perspective: A method used to present an illusion of the three-dimensional world on a two dimensional surface.
Atmospheric Perspective: Suggestion of depth through dimunition of color tone and intensity; increased haziness, and often blueness in the distance (that is, the imitation of atmospheric effects).
Linear Perspective: The use of parallel lines converging on a vanishing point on the horizon and the reduction of size of elements according to the geometric scheme. |
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