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| cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body |
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| thin, cellular outer layer of the skin |
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| flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost layers of the epidermis |
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| deepest region of the epidermis |
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| a cell found in the basal layer that gives the color to the skin |
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| dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocyte |
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| dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin (also known as the corium) |
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| oil substance secreted by the sebaceous glands |
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| sweat glands (sudor=sweat; ferre=to bear) |
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| connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis |
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| protein substance found in skin and connective tissue (koila=glue; gen=producing) |
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| outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin |
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| outgrowth of the skin attached to the distal end of each finger and tow, composed of keratin |
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| hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails |
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| an area of pathologically altered tissue (2 types: primary and secondary) |
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| lesions arising from previously normal skin |
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--> macule (macula)
[flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color] |
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Definition
| a flat, discolored spot on the skin up to 1 cm across (e.g., a freckle) |
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--> patch
[flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color] |
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Definition
| a flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1 cm (e.g., vitiligo) |
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--> papule
[elevated, palpable, solid masses] |
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Definition
| a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter (e.g., a nevus (mole)) |
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--> plaque
[elevated, palpable, solid masses] |
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Definition
| a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter, limited to the surface of the skin |
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--> nodule
[elevated, palpable, solid masses] |
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| a solid mass grater than 1 cm, which extends deeper into epidermis |
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--> tumor
[elevated, palpable, solid masses] |
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Definition
| a solid mass larger than 1-2cm |
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--> wheal
[elevated, palpable, solid masses] |
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Definition
| an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (e.g., a hive) |
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--> vesicle
[elevation formed by fluid within a cavity] |
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Definition
| little bladder; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter (e.g., a fever blister) |
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bulla
[elevated, palpable, solid masses] |
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Definition
| a blister larger than 0.5 cm (e.g., a second-degree burn) (bulla=bubble) |
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--> pustule
[elevated, palpable, solid masses] |
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| lesions that result in changes primary lesions |
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--> erosion
[loss of skin surface] |
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Definition
| to gnaw away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (e.g., area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle) |
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--> ulcer
[loss of skin surface] |
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Definition
| an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar and is sometimes accompanied by infection (e.g., decubitus ulcer) |
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--> excoriation
[loss of skin surface] |
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Definition
| a scratch mark (e.g., from a cat scratch) |
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--> fissure
[loss of skin surface] |
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Definition
| a linear crack in the skin |
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--> scale
[material on skin] |
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Definition
| a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (e.g., dandruff) |
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--> crust
[loss of skin surface] |
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Definition
| dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin (e.g., in impetigo) |
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--> cicatrix of the skin
[other secondary lesions] |
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Definition
| a mark left by the healing of a sore or wound showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix = scar) |
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--> keloid
[other secondary lesions] |
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Definition
| an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular (kele=tumor) |
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--> vascular lesions
[other secondary lesions] |
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Definition
| lesions of a blood vessel |
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Definition
| a small, round, bright-red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly |
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---> telangiectasia,
spider angioma |
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Definition
| a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly seen on the face, neck, or chest (telos=end) |
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--> purpuric lesions
[other secondary lesions] |
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Definition
| purpura; lesions as a result of hemorrhages into the skin |
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| spot; a reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spot on the skin that indicates a bleeding tendency--small purpura |
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| bruise; a black and blue mark--large purpura (chymo=juice) |
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--> epidermal tumors
[other secondary lesions] |
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Definition
| skin tumors arising from the epidermis |
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| a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular--also called a mole |
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| a mole with precancerous changes |
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| an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus--also called a wart |
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| baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair |
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| comedo (pl. comedos, comedones) |
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Definition
| a plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle |
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Term
| -> closed comedo (whitehead) |
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Definition
| below the skin surface with a white center |
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Term
| -> open comedo (blackhead) |
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Definition
| open to the skin surface with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air |
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| appearance of a skin lesion |
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| a general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease |
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| skin color due to the presence of melanin |
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| loss of melanin pigment in the skin |
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| areas of skin lacking color due to deficient amounts of melanin |
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| darkened areas of skin cased by excessive amounts of melanin |
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| production of purulent matter (pus) |
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| hives; an eruption of weals on the skin accompanies by itch (urtica=stinging nettle) |
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| an inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin evidenced by comedones, pustules, or nodules on the skin (acne=point) |
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| a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair) |
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| any injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases |
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| a burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation) |
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| a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis, characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters) |
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| a burn involving all layers of the skin, characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis with damage or destruction of the subcutaneous tissue |
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| an acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue resulting from a bacterial invasion through a break in the skin(cellula=small storeroom) |
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| an inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, pruritus (itching), and various lesions |
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Term
-> atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema)
[common type] |
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Definition
| a chronic skin inflammation characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, with severe itching and burning; most outbreaks begin in infancy and are marked by exacerbations and remissions that usually clear up before adulthood; occurs in persons with atopy (a genetic hypersensitivity to environmental irritants or allergens) |
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-> contact dermatitis
[common type] |
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Definition
| an inflammation of the skin resulting from contact with a substance to which one is allergic (e.g., chemicals in dyes, preservatives, fragrances, rubber; allergic dermatitis); or one that is a known skin irritant (e.g., acid, solvent; irritant dermatitis) |
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-> seborrheic dermatitis
[common type] |
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Definition
| redness of the skin covered by a yellow, oily, itch scale most commonly at the hairline, forehead, and around the nose, ears, or eyelashes and developing at any age; referred to as "cradle cap" in infants |
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exanthematous
viral disease |
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Definition
| eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema=eruption) |
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| to boil out; the term is often used interchangeably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning |
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| a boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle--caused by staphylococcosis |
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Definition
| a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles(carbo=small, glowing embers) |
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| a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when rained or excised (abscessus= a going away) |
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| an eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from trauma or an inflammatory or infectious process such as seen in complications of frostbite, severe burns, and conditions that affect circulation (e.g., diabetes) |
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| herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) |
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Definition
| transient viral vesicles (e.g., cold sores, fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially the mouth and nose (herpes=creeping skin disease) |
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| herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) |
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Definition
| sexually transmitted ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress |
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| a viral disease affecting the perpheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves; usually unilateral--also known as shingles (zoster=girdle) |
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| highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted--most often occurs around the mouth and nostrils |
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Definition
| thickened areas of epidermis |
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Term
| -> actinic keratoses, solar keratosis |
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Definition
| localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight; a known precursor to cancer (actinic=ray; solar=sun) |
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Definition
| benign wart-like lesions (seen especially on elderly skin) |
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| a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body (lupus=wolf) |
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Definition
| limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck, and scalp |
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Term
| -> systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) |
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Definition
| a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often the vital organs (e.g., lungs, kidneys) |
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Term
| malignant cutaneous neoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| -> squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) |
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Definition
| a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium |
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Term
| -> basal cell carcinoma (BCC) |
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Definition
| a malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis [most common type of skin cancer] |
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Definition
| a malignant tumor composed of melanocytes--most develop from a pigmented nevus over time |
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Definition
| a malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark, bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs |
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Definition
| inflammation of the fingernail or toenail |
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Definition
| inflammation of the nail fold |
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Definition
| infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis (pediculo=louse) |
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Definition
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Definition
| lice that generally infect the pubic region, but hair of the axila, eyebrows, lashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces may also be involved--also called crabs (pubis=groin) |
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Term
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Definition
| an itching; a chronic recurrent skin disease marked by silver-gray scales covering red patches on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of skin cells--elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, and nails are common sites of involvement |
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Term
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Definition
| a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch--most often found at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbow, etc. (scabo=to scratch) |
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Term
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Definition
| a skin condition marked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of fungal skin disease identified by the body part that is affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, and tinea pedis (foot), also called athelete's foot |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin, commonly the face, hands, legs, and genital areas |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathological examination |
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Definition
| removal of an entire lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a selected portion of a lesion |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique using a surgical blade to "shave" tissue from the epidermis and upper dermis |
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Term
| culture and sensitivity (C&S) |
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Definition
| a technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective in combating the infection it has caused |
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Term
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Definition
| a surgical method involving cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination |
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Term
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Definition
| methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into, the skin--commonly seen in treating allergy |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance is applied to the skin through a scratch |
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Term
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Definition
| the substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth |
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Term
| chemosurgery, chemical peel |
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Definition
| a technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to "peel" away the top layers of the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of tissue by freezing--involves application of an extremely cold chemical (e.g., liquid nitrogen) |
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Definition
| surgical removal of frozen epidermis using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, and/or wrinkles; aerosol spray is used to freeze the skin |
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Definition
| removal of dead tissue form a wound or burn site to promote healing and prevent infection |
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Definition
| to clean; scraping of a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; this technique is used in debridement |
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Term
| electrosurgical procedures |
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Definition
| use of electric currents to destroy tissue--the type and strength of the current and method of application varies |
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Definition
| use of an instrument heated by electric current (cautery) to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue (e.g., to sear a blood vessel) |
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Term
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Definition
| use of short, high-frequency, electric currents to destroy tissue by drying--the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion (desicco=to dry up) |
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Term
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Definition
| to lighten; to use of long, high-frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does not touch the skin |
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Term
| incision and drainage (I&D) |
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Definition
| incision and drainage of an infected skin lesion (e.g., an abscess) |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery using a laser in various dermatological procedures to remove lesions, scars, tattoos, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an instrument that concentrates high frequencies of light into a small, extremely intense beam that is precise in depth and diameter; it is applied to body tissues to destroy lesions or for dissection (cutting of parts for study) |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique used to excise tumors of the skin by removing fresh tissue layer by layer until a tumor-free plane is reached |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of skin from one body site to another to replace skin lost through burns or injury |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer to a new position in the body of the same person (auto=self) |
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Term
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Definition
| donor transfer between individuals of the same species such as human to human (homo=same; allo=other) |
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Term
| -> xenograft, heterograft |
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Definition
| a graft transfer from one animal species to one of another species (xeno=strange; hetero=different) |
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Definition
| treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce |
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Definition
| treatment of neoplastic disease by using ionizing radiation to deter proliferation of malignant cells |
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Definition
| use of scelrosing agents in treating disease (e.g., injection of a saline solution into a dilated blood vessel tumor in the skin, resulting in hardening of the tissue within and eventual sloughing away of the lesion) |
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Definition
| use of ultraviolet light o promote healing of a skin lesion (e.g., an ulcer) |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce a loss of sensations (e.g., pain) |
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Definition
| a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues [e.g., in urticaria (hives), hay fever] |
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Definition
| a drug that reduces inflammation |
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Definition
| a drug that relieves itching |
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Definition
| an agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms |
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