Term
| Name the Three Bone Regions: |
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Definition
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis |
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Term
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Definition
One part of the three Bone Regions
Found in the shaft of the bone, it is the long cylindrical portion.
Made of Compact Bone. |
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Term
| True or Flase: Bone Tissue is dead tissue. |
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Definition
FASLE: It is very much "alive."
Bone forming cells are located in the thin layer of teh Endosteum and in the sheath of the Periosteum.
Constant Remodeling - Building and Breaking |
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Term
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Definition
One part of the three Bone Regions
2 Ends of the Long Bones.
Mostly made from Spngy Bone. |
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Term
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Definition
One part of the three Bone Regions
The region in between diaphysis and epiphysis.
In growth, the epiphyseal plates are located here. |
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Term
| What are the two Bone Coverings? |
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Definition
Periosteum
Articular Cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
Sheath of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue that transitions into cartilage toward the joint.
Bone Forming Cells are found here. |
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Term
| Describe Articular Cartilage: |
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Definition
| Over the Epiphysis (shaft) where the bony articulation (joint) is. |
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Term
| What are the two Cavities of the Bone? |
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Definition
Medullary Cavity
Endosteum |
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Term
| What type of tisse is bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Medullary Cavity: |
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Definition
The tube like space inside the diaphysis (shaft)
In a Child it is filled with Red Bone Marrow
In an adult it is filled with FAT Yellow Bone Marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| The thin layer of Bone Forming Cells lining the Medullary Cavity (the tube.) |
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Term
| What does Red Bone Marrow produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is Red Bone Marrow located? |
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Definition
In a fetus/newborn - located EVERYWHERE in spongy bone, diaphysis (shaft) and ephiphysis (ends)
In adult - in the epiphysis (ends) of long and flat bones. |
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Term
What are the 4 types of Bone Cells?
TB pps 136-139 and 142-148 |
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Definition
1. Osteogenic (stem cells)
2. Osteoblasts
3. Osteoclasts
4. Osteocytes |
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Term
| Describe Osteogenic Bone Cells: |
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Definition
"Bone Creating"
Stem cells
Found in endosteum (lining of the medullary cavity) and in the thin lining of the periosteum (covering the bone).
Only one of the Bone Cells to undergo Cell Division.
Their daughter cells are Osteoblasts. |
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Term
| Describe Osteoblasts Bone Cells: |
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Definition
"Bone Builders"
Daughter cell of the Osteogenic cells
Builds bone matrix
Secretes Collagen fibers and minerals. |
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Term
| Describe Osteocytes Bone Cells: |
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Definition
Mature "Bone Cell"
Majority of Bone Tissue
The Osteocyte is "imprisioned" in the matrix
ALWAYS close to a blood vessel |
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Term
| Describe Osteoclasts Bone Cells: |
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Definition
"Bone Breakers"
Made from White Blood Cells
Secretes enzymes that cause bone erosion for Reabsorption.
A necessary funtion as bone is alive! |
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Term
| True or Flase: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. |
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Definition
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Term
Connective Tissue Matrix is made of Ground Substance and Fibers.
In Bone Tissue, What is the Fiber Made of and what is the Ground Substance Made of? |
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Definition
Fiber = 25% Collagen
Ground Substance = 50% Calcium and Phosphorus and other crystalized mineral salts
25% Water |
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Term
| Condyle is the root word for.... |
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Definition
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Term
| How many Types of Bone are There? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 5 Types of Bones: |
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Definition
1. Long Bones
2. Short Bones
3. Flat Bones
4. Irregular Bones
5. Sesamoid Bones |
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Term
| Where do long bones grow from? |
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Definition
| Epiphesal plate / Interstitial growth |
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Term
Long Bones are one of the 5 Types of Bone.
Give some examples: |
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Definition
| Femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, radius, ulna, phalanges, meta-carpals and tarsals |
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Term
Short Bones are one of the 5 Types of Bones.
Name some examples: |
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Definition
They are cube or box shaped.
Carpal and Tarsals |
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Term
| Development of Bone is done through Bone Formation and Bone Growth. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe some characteristics of Bone Formation in a Fertus. |
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Definition
Long Bones - Endochondral Ossification
Flat Bones - Intramembranous Ossification |
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Term
| Describe some characteristics of Bone Growth in Bone Development: |
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Definition
In a child/adolescnt:
Long Bones: Epiphyseal plate (interstitial growth)
Flat Bones - Appositional Growth (growth in thickness and width.) |
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Term
Flat Bones are one of 5 Types of Bone.
Give some examples: |
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Definition
| Clavicle, ribs, sternum, cranium, scapula, coxal bone |
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Term
Irregular Bones are one of the 5 types of Bones.
Give some examples: |
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Definition
Irregular Bones are usually found in groups.
Facial bones, Vertebrae including sacrum and coxyc |
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Term
Sesamoid Bones are one of the 5 Types of Bones.
Give some exampes: |
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Definition
Since sesamoid bones are completely enveloped in a tendon, they can't stand alone.
The patella is an example. |
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Term
| REVIEW: APPENDICULAR SKELETON |
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Definition
P 160
Appendages - coxal, ear ossicles
Girdles - Shoulder and Hip
Carpals, Tarsals, Meta-Carpals and Tarsals |
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Term
| REVIEW THE AXIAL SKELETON: |
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Definition
| Carnium, Facial Bones, Vertebrae, Sacrum |
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Term
| Name the two types of Bone Formation: |
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Definition
1. Endochondral Ossification
2. Intramembranous Ossification |
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Term
| What type of Bone Tissue is formed by Endochondral Ossification? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of Bone Tissue is formed in Intramembranous Ossification? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Long Bones grow in length through interstitial growth by lengthening the epiphyseal plates. |
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Term
| How do Long and Flat Bones Grow? |
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Definition
| Both Long and Flat Bones grow in Width through oppositional growth. |
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Term
| What types of bones grow through oppositional growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of bones grow through Interstitial growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the Lie, Composition and Function of Compact Bone. |
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Definition
1. Lies beneth the periosteum of all bones
2. Composed mostly of bone tissue of the diaphysis (shaft.)
3. Function - supports, protects and resists stress. |
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Term
| True or False: Structure dictates Function. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe/Define Osteons (Haversian System) |
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Definition
A repeating cylindrical shaped until which runs side by side to the other with little space in between.
This formation occurs around blood vessels (essential) to ensure delivery of nutrients and elimination of wastes. |
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Term
| Define/Describe Central Haversian Canal: |
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Definition
| Center of the Osteon. A canal containing blood vessels. |
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Term
| Describe / Defone the Concentric Lamellae |
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Definition
| Rings (like that of a tree) of hard calcified matrix (mineral salts and collagen fibers) that encircle the canals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Little Lakes - fluid filled spaces where osteocytes live |
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Term
| Describe/Defone Canaliculi |
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Definition
| Little Streams - cinnect lacunae to central canal. |
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Term
| Whats the structureal unit of Spongy Bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the functional unit of Compact Bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the three locations where Spongy Bone is found? |
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Definition
| Ephysis, lining of Medullary Canal, and the Middle Layer between two layers of Compact Bone. |
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Term
| What are the 'needle-like' projections in Spongy Bone? |
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Definition
| The Needle - Like projections are Bony Spicules called TRAEBCULAE (the structural unit of spongy bone.) |
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Term
| What os the function of Spongy Bone? |
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Definition
| Stores Red Bone Marrow. Provides Support. |
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Term
| Describe the Structure of Spongy Bone. |
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Definition
The needle-like Traebculae are arranged along stress lines.
Their orientation differs between individual bones according to the magnitude of the applied forse, such as in weight training and in weight bearning exercise. |
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Term
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Definition
A break in the continuity of a bone.
(It is a slow process, taking months to deposit calcium and phosphorus.) |
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Term
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Definition
A break in the continuity of a bone.
(It is a slow process, taking months to deposit calcium and phosphorus.) |
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Term
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Definition
Open: Compound - The broken end protrudes through the skin.
Comminuted - Splintered at site of impact
Greenstick - partial fracture in which one side breaks and the other side bends. Seen in children.
Impacted - one end is forcefully driven into another end.
Potts - Distal Fibula
Colle's - Distal radius |
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Term
| Repair of Bone Fractures: |
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Definition
| Osteoclasts, WBC's clean debris, Fibroblasts & Chondroblasts bridge gap and create Matrix. Spongy bone thne forms compact bone. |
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