Term
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Definition
| a grass, legume, or forbe species that can be utilized by grazing livestock. |
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Term
| What are the four different forms of forages. |
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Definition
Roughage
Green Chop
Silage
Hay |
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Term
| What is the difference between a forage and a roughage. |
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Definition
| Forages are more highly digestible feeds, and roughages have a low digestibility due to their high indigestible fiber content. |
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Term
What type of land is this:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What type of land is this:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What type of land is this:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What type of land is this:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| List the order of livestock species that utilizes least to most forage in its ration (poultry, swine, beef cattle, dairy cattle, horses) |
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Definition
| Poultry, swine, horses, dairy, beef |
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Term
| List the three broad classification types of forage plants. |
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Definition
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Term
Name the inflorescence:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Name the inflorescence:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Name the inflorescence:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A leaf blade that is not the top (flag leaf); numbered by age. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a stolon and rhizome? |
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Definition
Stolon - above ground, horizontal stems.
Rhizome - underground stems. |
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Term
| Where is the peduncle located? |
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Definition
| Where the inflorescence attaches. |
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Term
| What are the lemma and palea and how are they different? |
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Definition
| Parts of a mature seed unit; lemma has an awn (additional "spike"). |
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Term
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Definition
| What individual spikelets attach to on an inflorescence. |
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Term
| What is an intravaginal tiller? |
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Definition
| Intravaginal tiller – grows vertically on the inside of the leaf sheath to emerge at the collar of the subtending leaf. |
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Term
| What is an extravaginal tiller? |
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Definition
| Extravaginal tiller – grows laterally through the older leaf sheaths to emerge a short distance from the main stem (rhizomes and stolons). |
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Term
| In forage grasses, what does G stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| In forage grasses, what does V stand for? |
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Definition
| Vegetative (leaf development) |
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Term
| In forage grasses, what does E stand for? |
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Definition
| Elongation (stem elongation) |
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Term
| In forage grasses, what does R stand for? |
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Definition
| Reproductive (floral development) |
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Term
| What growth stage does Vn reference? |
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Definition
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Term
| What growth stage does En reference? |
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Definition
| Nth node palpable/visible |
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Term
| What growth stage does R0 reference? |
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Definition
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Term
| What growth stage does R4 reference? |
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Definition
| Anther emergence/anthesis |
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Term
| In a legume, what is the radicle? |
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Definition
| Initial first root from a germinating seed. |
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Term
| In a legume, what is the petiole? |
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Definition
| What connects the leaves to the stem. |
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Term
What type of leaf arrangement is this:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What type of leaf arrangement is this:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What type of leaf arrangement is this:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| In a legume, what is the hypocotyl? |
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Definition
| First emergence of the seedling; "hook". |
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Term
| In a legume, what is the petiolule? |
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Definition
| What connects leaves in trifoliate arrangements. |
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Term
| In a legume, what is/are the cotyledon(s)? |
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Definition
| The first 1-2 leaves to appear on a germinating seed. |
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Term
| In a legume, what is the stipule? |
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Definition
| Leaf-like outgrowths on either side at the base of the petiole. |
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Term
| In a legume, what is the hair-like structures called on leaves? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a legume, what is epigeal germination? |
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Definition
| When the cotyledons develop above ground. |
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Term
| In a legume, what is hypogeal germination? |
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Definition
| When the cotyledons develop below ground. |
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Term
What is this type of inflorescence called:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What is this type of inflorescence called:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What is this plant structure:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| In a legume, what is the difference between a node and a nodule? |
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Definition
| Nodules are for reference with rhizomes, and nodes are locations on the stems. |
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Term
| What is the break-down of the legume index for developmental stages? |
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Definition
0-2: Vegetative (early, mid, late)
3&4: Flower bud development (early & late)
5&6: Flowering (early & late)
7-9: Seed production (early, late, and ripe seedpod) |
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Term
| What is the most appropriate stage to harvest alfalfa for lactating dairy cattle use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five soil forming factors? |
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Definition
Parent Material
Climate
Native Vegetation
Topography
Time |
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Term
| How does parent material influence soil formation? |
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Definition
| Affects soil properties and rate of development (texture). |
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Term
| How does climate influence soil formation? |
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Definition
| Influences the amount of water available for the weathering process. |
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Term
| How does native vegetation influence soil formation? |
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Definition
| Influences the amount of organic matter in the soil. |
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Term
| How does topography influence soil formation? |
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Definition
| Influences the natural drainage, movement of water, erosion, and plant cover. |
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Term
| How does time influence soil formation? |
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Definition
| Influences the horizon and structural development of a soil. |
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Term
| What are the processes of soil formation? |
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Definition
Additions
Translocations
Transformations
Losses |
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Term
| How do additions relate to horizon formation? |
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Definition
| Organic matter from plants (A horizon). |
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Term
| How do translocations relate to horizon formation? |
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Definition
| Movement of clay and Fe into and out of soil (E & B horizons). |
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Term
| How do transformations relate to horizon formation? |
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Definition
| Weathering of rocks and minerals. |
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Term
| How do losses relate to horizon formation? |
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Definition
| Removal of calcium carbonates and other minerals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of sand, silt, and clay particles in the soil. |
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Term
| Why is soil texture important? |
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Definition
| Influences nutrient holding capacity, moisture holding capacity, and availability to plants, water infiltration rates, and erodibility. |
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Term
| Why is soil compaction a problem for plant growth? |
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Definition
Slows water infiltration rate
Limits root development. |
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Term
| What two soil properties can be can be determined/estimated by soil color? |
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Definition
Surface Horizon – indicator of organic matter content.
Subsurface Horizon – indicator of soil drainage. |
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Term
| How does surface horizon indicate organic matter content? |
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Definition
Light Brown: 1%
Dark Brown: 3-4%
Black: >6% |
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Term
| How does subsurface horizon indicate organic matter content? |
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Definition
Red, brown, tan, and yellow: oxidized iron (well drained)
Grays: reduced iron (poorly drained) |
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Term
| Describe the effect that frequent defoliation has upon root and shoot development. |
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Definition
| Depending on the depth where defoliation occurs, shoot development can be hindered/stopped if the meristematic tissue is affected. |
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Term
| What are the value-added possibilities of forages? (4) |
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Definition
Milk/meat production
N-fixation
Improved water quality (decrease sedimentation)
Decrease soil erosion |
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Term
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Definition
| The side branch of a compound leaf that bears the individual leaflets |
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