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Radiation Syndrome I
Overview of whole body responses to acute doses of radiation (from 10/28/08)
26
Physics
Undergraduate 4
10/30/2008

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Cards

Term
When an acute dose of 1,000 to 5,000 RADs is received, which system is most affected?
Definition
Gastrointestinal
Term
When an acute dose of 100 to 1000 RADs is received, which part of the body is most affected?
Definition
Bone marrow/hemopoietic system
Term
Which part of the GI system is most radiosensitive?
Definition
Small intestine
Term
When an acute dose of 5,000 or more RADs is received, which system is most affected?
Definition
CNS
Term
What is the definition of a syndrome?
Definition
Relationship of specific signs and symptoms to a specific type of trauma or disease process.
Term
In radiation syndrome, the acute trauma which causes the various signs and symptoms (see definition of syndrome) is what?
Definition
Radiation exposure
Term
The ultimate result of radiation syndrome is *** ***.
Definition
Lifespan shortening.
Term
What does the acronym MST stand for in this context?
Definition
Mean survival time.
Term
The most commonly used method of expressing MST is what?
Definition
L.D. 50/30
Term
What does L.D. 50/30 represent?
Definition
The dose that would cause 50% of a population to die within 30 days of the exposure.
Term
What is the L.D. 50/30 dose (in RADs) for humans?
Definition
250 to 300
Term
Under *** RADs, no death occurs
Definition
100
Term
Without medical intervention, there has been no known survivor of radiation exposure greater than *** RADs
Definition
600
Term
What is the less commonly used method of expressing mean survival time (MST)?
Definition
L.D. 100/30
Term
What does L.D. 100/30 represent?
Definition
The dose at which 100% of a population will die within 30 days of exposure.
Term
In terms of surviving an acute dose of radiation, the simpler the life form, the more radio*** (resistant/sensitive) it is.
Definition
resistant (cockroaches more resistant than humans, etc.)
Term
What is the L.D. 100/30 dose for humans (in RADs)?
Definition
600 RADs
Term
What is the L.D. 50/30 dose for rhesus monkeys (in RADs)?
Definition
350-400 RADs
Term
What is the L.D. 50/30 dose for mice (in RADs)?
Definition
900 RADs
Term
What is the L.D. 50/30 dose for frogs (in RADs)?
Definition
1000 RADs
Term
What is the L.D. 50/30 dose for cockroaches (in RADs)?
Definition
3,500 RADs
Term
What is the L.D. 50/30 dose for bacteria (in RADs)?
Definition
20,000 to 50,000 RADs
Term
What is the L.D. 50/30 dose for viruses (in RADs)?
Definition
50,000 to 1,000,000 RADs
Term
Sources for the information we have on radiation syndrome in humans come, in part, from island populations where we used to test atomic bombs in which ocean?
Definition
Pacific
Term
How has the mafia contributed to our knowledge of radiation syndrome?
Definition
In the 40s, 50s, and 60s, they would murder rivals by irradiating them with industrial x-ray machinery, unwittingly creating data for the study of exposure to humans.
Term
What type of people were allowed to "volunteer" to be irradiated in the 20s and 30s?
Definition
Convicts (they were allowed to go free if the survived.)
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