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What are the two main parts of the x-ray tube? a.Glass bulb and cathode b.Cathode and electrode c.Anode and cathode d.Collimator and glass bulb |
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The conversion of energy that produces x-rays is a result of _____ striking the _____. a.Protons; cathode b.X-rays; anode c.Electrons; cathode d.Electrons; anode |
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3. Most of the image produced on radiographic film comes from which of the following? a. Electrons b. X-rays c. Light from intensifying screens d. Protons |
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c. Light from intensifying screens |
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Live-action radiography describes which of the following? a.CT scanning b.MRI c.PET d.Fluoroscopy |
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Using telecommunications, digital imaging, and total management of radiologic services describes which one of the following systems? a.Total quality management (TQM) b.PACS c.Continuous quality improvement (CQI) d.Quality circles |
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Which one of the following imaging modalities uses sound to see? . MRI b. PACS c. Sonography d. PET |
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Substances that emit visible light when struck by radiation are called which of the following? a.Image receptors b.Phosphors c.Contrast agents d.Electrodes |
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The energy conversion that takes place in the x-ray tube primarily produces which one of the following? a.X-rays b.Sound waves c.Visible light d.Heat |
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Radioactive materials are used in which one of the following imaging modalities? a. X-ray production b. MRI c. CT d. Nuclear medicine |
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Imaging equipment that allows for the manipulation of the image after exposure is called what? a.Image intensifier b.Intensifying screen c.X-ray film d.Digital imaging |
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1. For what reason must clothing and jewelry be removed from the area to be radiographed? a.They will become radioactive when the x-rays strike them. b.They may obscure the area of interest. c.They may become hot. d.They may be ruined, and the patient will be upset. |
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b.They may obscure the area of interest. |
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2. Preparation of the patient for a radiographic examination is the responsibility of : a.The physician who orders the procedure b.The nurse c.The radiographer d.All of the above |
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3. Which one of the following contrast agents is used in chest radiography? a.Barium sulfate b.Dye c.Iodine d.Air |
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4. Which one of the following contrast agents may cause an adverse reaction? a. Air b. Iodine c. Barium d. Dye |
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5. Portions of the circulatory system may be imaged during a procedure called a(n): a.Cholangiogram b.Voiding cystourethrogram c.Esophagogram d.Arteriogram |
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6. An x-ray study of the female reproductive system is called a(n): a.Lithotripsy b.Mammogram c.Hysterosalpingogram d.Myelogram |
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7. A radiographic examination of the salivary glands is called a(n): a. Sialogram b. Cystogram c. Hysterosalpingogram d. Myelogram |
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8. The IVP is performed to visualize which of the following areas? a.Urinary system b.Colon c.Gallbladder d.Joints |
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9. Arthrograms are performed to visualize which of the following areas? a.Urinary system b.Colon c.Gallbladder d.Joints |
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10. Preparation of the patient should include which of the following skills? a. Visual b. Verbal c. Tactile d. All of the above |
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Definition
requires removing clothing and jewelry that may be covering the area of the body through which the x-rays must pass |
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Definition
for some examinations include cleansing enemas -Performed to clear abdominal structures of gas and fecal material -Awareness of the hospital procedure aids in explaining the importance of this preparation and answering any questions the patient may have is very important |
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A study of the salivary glands after they have been injected with a contrast agent? |
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A study used to evaluate the veins in a particular area of the body? |
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What is replacing myelography? |
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Definition
MRI - exam of subarachnoid space of spinal cord |
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How to image portions of the biliary system? |
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Definition
ERCP - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography -Performed to diagnose anomalies in the biliary system or the pancreas |
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What is the name of the exam to check the functionality of the oviducts and shape of the uterus. |
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Definition
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) |
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What is the name of the contrast study to visual the urinary tract? |
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-Iodine-based media -IVU Intravenous urography or IVP Intravenous Pyelogram |
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What supplements barium enema? |
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The name of the exam that visualizes certain joints with contrast media? |
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What exams are included in upper extremity exams? |
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include fingers, hands, wrist, forearms, elbows, humeri, shoulders clavicles, AC joints, and scapula |
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What is the most commonly radiographed region? |
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How many views do bone studies require? |
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Definition
Bone studies require at least two views that are taken at right angles to one another |
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What does preparation of a patient entail? |
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Definition
Patient preparation is done either internally or externally. |
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When is air contrast used? Barium contrast? |
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Definition
Barium contrast - primarily used for gastrointestinal studies Air Contrast - used primarily in chest xrays |
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What are the 2 active components of an x-ray tube? |
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Definition
Positive (anode) and negative (cathode) |
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What energy conversion occurs inside the tube and what forms of energy are found? |
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Definition
-An energy conversion takes place as a result of the sudden deceleration of electrons at the anode -The primary by-product of this energy conversion is heat (>99%) -X-rays are also produced (<1%), emanating from the tube in all directions |
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What law of physics governs this energy conversion? |
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***What form of energy is responsible for exposing the film? |
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What is fluoroscopy? Portable fluoro? |
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Provides live action photos. Mobile fluoroscopy (C-arm) is used primarily in the operating room |
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What does "dynamic" mean? |
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-Similar to nuclear medicine; uses an injected radiopharmaceutical -Used to evaluate the physiology or function of an organ or body system. How "agent" is taken up by the body. |
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Ultrasound and how it is used. |
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Definition
Uses high-frequency sound waves to obtain sectional images of the body Sound waves bounce off interior structures of the body and return as echoes to a probe from which images can be electronically displayed on a TV screen Evaluation of moving organs can be made Doppler technique is used to evaluate blood flow |
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MRI and how it functions. |
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-Similar to CT in appearance and function -Allows cross-sectional views of the body without the use of ionizing radiation -The body part is exposed to a magnetic field and radio wave transmission -The images are then reconstructed by computers |
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What are the advantages of digital imaging? |
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Definition
-Primary advantages include the ability to post-process images in a variety of ways to provide multiple views of anatomy -The density and contrast can be altered anytime after completion of the study w/o re-exposure -Digital fluoroscopy has virtually eliminated follow-up overhead films -Images are stored on a computer and can be transferred to multiple locations on a network |
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What 2 forms of energy are produced by xray? |
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Definition
Heat - 99% and X-rays - 1% |
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Definition
Can use CT with endoscopy as arthrogram. |
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Lower extremities include? |
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toes, feet, heels, ankles, lower legs, knees, patallae, femurs, hips & pelvis |
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Cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine, sacroiliac joints, sacrum & coccyx. |
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ribs, sternum, heart, lungs, & sternoclavicular joings. |
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Include skull, facial bones, nasal bones, mandible, TMJ's & sinuses |
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