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Radiography CH 8&9
CH 8 & 9
51
Anatomy
Pre-School
06/16/2015

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Term
What are the two main parts of the x-ray tube?
a.Glass bulb and cathode
b.Cathode and electrode
c.Anode and cathode
d.Collimator and glass bulb
Definition
c.Anode and cathode
Term
The conversion of energy that produces x-rays is a result of _____ striking the _____.
a.Protons; cathode
b.X-rays; anode
c.Electrons; cathode
d.Electrons; anode
Definition
d.Electrons; anode
Term
3. Most of the image produced on radiographic film comes from which of the following?
a. Electrons
b. X-rays
c. Light from intensifying screens
d. Protons
Definition
c. Light from intensifying screens
Term
Live-action radiography describes which of the following?
a.CT scanning
b.MRI
c.PET
d.Fluoroscopy
Definition
d.Fluoroscopy
Term
Using telecommunications, digital imaging, and total management of radiologic services describes which one of the following systems?
a.Total quality management (TQM)
b.PACS
c.Continuous quality improvement (CQI)
d.Quality circles
Definition
b.PACS
Term
Which one of the following imaging modalities uses sound to see?
. MRI
b. PACS
c. Sonography
d. PET
Definition
c. Sonography
Term
Substances that emit visible light when struck by radiation are called which of the following?
a.Image receptors
b.Phosphors
c.Contrast agents
d.Electrodes
Definition
b.Phosphors
Term
The energy conversion that takes place in the x-ray tube primarily produces which one of the following?
a.X-rays
b.Sound waves
c.Visible light
d.Heat
Definition
d.Heat
Term
Radioactive materials are used in which one of the following imaging modalities?
a. X-ray production
b. MRI
c. CT
d. Nuclear medicine
Definition
d. Nuclear medicine
Term
Imaging equipment that allows for the manipulation of the image after exposure is called what?
a.Image intensifier
b.Intensifying screen
c.X-ray film
d.Digital imaging
Definition
d.Digital imaging
Term
1. For what reason must clothing and jewelry be removed from the area to be radiographed?
a.They will become radioactive when the x-rays strike them.
b.They may obscure the area of interest.
c.They may become hot.
d.They may be ruined, and the patient will be upset.
Definition
b.They may obscure the area of interest.
Term
2. Preparation of the patient for a radiographic examination is the responsibility of :
a.The physician who orders the procedure
b.The nurse
c.The radiographer
d.All of the above
Definition
d.All of the above
Term
3. Which one of the following contrast agents is used in chest radiography?
a.Barium sulfate
b.Dye
c.Iodine
d.Air
Definition
d.Air
Term
4. Which one of the following contrast agents may cause an adverse reaction?
a. Air
b. Iodine
c. Barium
d. Dye
Definition
b. Iodine
Term
5. Portions of the circulatory system may be imaged during a procedure called a(n):
a.Cholangiogram
b.Voiding cystourethrogram
c.Esophagogram
d.Arteriogram
Definition
d.Arteriogram
Term
6. An x-ray study of the female reproductive system is called a(n):
a.Lithotripsy
b.Mammogram
c.Hysterosalpingogram
d.Myelogram
Definition
c.Hysterosalpingogram
Term
7. A radiographic examination of the salivary glands is called a(n):
a. Sialogram
b. Cystogram
c. Hysterosalpingogram
d. Myelogram
Definition
a. Sialogram
Term
8. The IVP is performed to visualize which of the following areas?
a.Urinary system
b.Colon
c.Gallbladder
d.Joints
Definition
a.Urinary system
Term
9. Arthrograms are performed to visualize which of the following areas?
a.Urinary system
b.Colon
c.Gallbladder
d.Joints
Definition
d.Joints
Term
10. Preparation of the patient should include which of the following skills?
a. Visual
b. Verbal
c. Tactile
d. All of the above
Definition
d. All of the above
Term
External preparation?
Definition
requires removing clothing and jewelry that may be covering the area of the body through which the x-rays must pass
Term
Internal preparation?
Definition
for some examinations include cleansing enemas
-Performed to clear abdominal structures of gas and fecal material
-Awareness of the hospital procedure aids in explaining the importance of this preparation and answering any questions the patient may have is very important
Term
A study of the salivary glands after they have been injected with a contrast agent?
Definition
Sialogram
Term
A study used to evaluate the veins in a particular area of the body?
Definition
Venogram
Term
What is replacing myelography?
Definition
MRI - exam of subarachnoid space of spinal cord
Term
How to image portions of the biliary system?
Definition
ERCP - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
-Performed to diagnose anomalies in the biliary system or the pancreas
Term
What is the name of the exam to check the functionality of the oviducts and shape of the uterus.
Definition
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
Term
What is the name of the contrast study to visual the urinary tract?
Definition
-Iodine-based media
-IVU Intravenous urography or IVP Intravenous Pyelogram
Term
What supplements barium enema?
Definition
Air contrast study
Term
The name of the exam that visualizes certain joints with contrast media?
Definition
Arthrogram
Term
What exams are included in upper extremity exams?
Definition
include fingers, hands, wrist, forearms, elbows, humeri, shoulders clavicles, AC joints, and scapula
Term
What is the most commonly radiographed region?
Definition
chest
Term
How many views do bone studies require?
Definition
Bone studies require at least two views that are taken at right angles to one another
Term
What does preparation of a patient entail?
Definition
Patient preparation is done either internally or externally.
Term
When is air contrast used? Barium contrast?
Definition
Barium contrast - primarily used for gastrointestinal studies
Air Contrast - used primarily in chest xrays
Term
What are the 2 active components of an x-ray tube?
Definition
Positive (anode) and negative (cathode)
Term
What energy conversion occurs inside the tube and what forms of energy are found?
Definition
-An energy conversion takes place as a result of the sudden deceleration of electrons at the anode
-The primary by-product of this energy conversion is heat (>99%)
-X-rays are also produced (<1%), emanating from the tube in all directions
Term
What law of physics governs this energy conversion?
Definition
Conservation of Energy
Term
***What form of energy is responsible for exposing the film?
Definition
Light
Term
What is fluoroscopy? Portable fluoro?
Definition
Provides live action photos. Mobile fluoroscopy (C-arm) is used primarily in the operating room
Term
What does "dynamic" mean?
Definition
Moving (fluoro)
Term
What is PET?
Definition
-Similar to nuclear medicine; uses an injected radiopharmaceutical
-Used to evaluate the physiology or function of an organ or body system. How "agent" is taken up by the body.
Term
Ultrasound and how it is used.
Definition
Uses high-frequency sound waves to obtain sectional images of the body
Sound waves bounce off interior structures of the body and return as echoes to a probe from which images can be electronically displayed on a TV screen
Evaluation of moving organs can be made
Doppler technique is used to evaluate blood flow
Term
MRI and how it functions.
Definition
-Similar to CT in appearance and function
-Allows cross-sectional views of the body without the use of ionizing radiation
-The body part is exposed to a magnetic field and radio wave transmission
-The images are then reconstructed by computers
Term
What are the advantages of digital imaging?
Definition
-Primary advantages include the ability to post-process images in a variety of ways to provide multiple views of anatomy
-The density and contrast can be altered anytime after completion of the study w/o re-exposure
-Digital fluoroscopy has virtually eliminated follow-up overhead films
-Images are stored on a computer and can be transferred to multiple locations on a network
Term
What 2 forms of energy are produced by xray?
Definition
Heat - 99% and X-rays - 1%
Term
Barium Enema
Definition
Can use CT with endoscopy as arthrogram.
Term
Lower extremities include?
Definition
toes, feet, heels, ankles, lower legs, knees, patallae, femurs, hips & pelvis
Term
Spine includes?
Definition
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine, sacroiliac joints, sacrum & coccyx.
Term
Thoracic includes?
Definition
ribs, sternum, heart, lungs, & sternoclavicular joings.
Term
Skull work? Head work?
Definition
Include skull, facial bones, nasal bones, mandible, TMJ's & sinuses
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