Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the large intestine?

Select one:

a. midsagittal plane

b. midcoronal plane 

c. a longitudinal plane 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane

d. a longitudinal plane 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:

Select one:

a. left colic flexure

b. right colic flexure 

c. sigmoid colon

d. duodenojejunal flexure

The most commonly performed abdominal examination is referred to as a:

Select one:

a. KUB 

b. EXU

c. IVP

d. IVC

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus?

Select one:

a. sthenic

b. asthenic

c. hypersthenic

d. hyposthenic

The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of fingerlike projections called:

Select one:

a. villi 

b. rugae

c. haustra

d. taeniae coli

Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area? 

(1) lateral 

(2) PA axial 

(3) AP axial

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

In which abdominal region does the large intestine originate?

Select one:

a. Left iliac

b. Left lumbar

c. Right lumbar

d. Right Iliac 

Which of the following is a major advantage of the double-contrast UGI examination over the single-contrast UGI examination?

Select one:

a. Small lesions on the mucosal lining are better demonstrated 

b. The patient can better tolerate the procedure

c. Radiation exposure to the patient is reduced

d. The examination can be performed with the patient upright instead of recumbent

What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?

Select one:

a. 10 to 20 degrees cephalad

b. 30 to 40 degrees cephalad

c. 10 to 20 degrees caudad

d. 30 to 40 degrees caudad

Before the enema tip is inserted during a BE, why should a small amount of barium sulfate mixture be allowed to run into a waste basin?

Select one:

a. To lubricate the enema tip

b. To ensure that the consistency of the mixture is adequate

c. To remove air from the tube 

d. To determine if the mixture is too warm or too cold

How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach?

Select one:

a. 1/2 to 1 inch

b. 2 to 2 1/2 inches

c. 4 to 5  inches

d. 3 to 6 inches

The respiration phase for all projections of the large intestine is:

Select one:

a. inspiration

b. expiration

c. suspended respiration

d. slow, shallow breathing

The outer portion of the sac that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is termed the:

Select one:

a. parietal peritoneum 

b. visceral peritoneum

c. parietal pleura

d. visceral pleura

The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection?

Select one:

a. PA or AP 

b. PA axial

c. PA oblique

d. lateral

The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the large intestine is:

Select one:

a. 30 degrees

b. 45 degrees

c. 20 to 30 degrees

d. 35 to 45 degrees

At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum?

Select one:

a. T12/L1

b. L1/L2

c. L2/L3

d. iliac crests

Which part of the large intestines is located between the ascending and descending parts of the colon?

Select one:

a. Sigmoid

b. Rectum

c. Transverse

d. Cecum

Where is the IR centered for delayed radiographs of the small intestine?

Select one:

a. level of the iliac crests

b. 1 inch above the iliac crests

c. 2 inches above the iliac crests

d. at the costal margin/L3

The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the:

Select one:

a. pylorus

b. pyloric sphincter

c. pyloric antrum

d. ileocecal valve

At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area?

Select one:

a. ASIS

b. iliac crests

c. 2 inches above the iliac crests

d. 2 inches below the iliac crests

Which structure is the proximal part of the large intestine?

Select one:

a. Sigmoid

b. Ileum

c. Cecum

d. Rectum

Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine?

Select one:

a. costal margin

b. iliac crests

c. 2 inches above the iliac crests

d. 2 inches below the iliac crests

Which structure is located between the ascending colon and the transverse colon?

Select one:

a. Left splenic flexture

b. Descending colon

c. Right hepatic flexture

d. Sigmoid

The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.

Select one:

a. LUQ 

b. RUQ

c. LLQ

d. RLQ

Where in the large intestine is the left colic flexture located?

Select one:

a. Between the ascending colon and the transverse colon

b. Between the transverse colon and the descending colon 

c. Between the cecum and the ascending colon

d. Between the descending colon and sigmoid colon

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

Select one:

a. 40 degrees

b. 45 degrees

c. 60 degrees

d. 40 to 70 degrees

The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the:

Select one:

a. cardiac notch

b. abdominal esophagus

c. cardiac antrum 

d. esophagogastric junction

The main functions of the large intestine are: 

(1) digestion of food 

(2) reabsorption of fluids 

(3) elimination of waste products

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3 

d. 1, 2, and 3

The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:

Select one:

a. pyloric portion

b. duodenojejunal flexure 

c. right colic flexure

d. descending region

The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:

(1) no contrast 

(2) single contrast 

(3) double contrast

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

Where in the large intestine is the sigmoid located?

Select one:

a. Between the descending colon and the rectum 

b. Between the ascending colon and the transverse colon

c. Between the transverse colon and the descending colon

d. Between the cecum and the transverse colon

The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:

Select one:

a. ascending colon

b. descending colon

c. R colic flexure

d. transverse colon

Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination?

Select one:

a. 2

b. 4

c. 8

d. 12

The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the:

Select one:

a. cecum

b. rugae

c. haustra

d. taeniae coli

The folds of the thick inner lining of the stomach are termed the:

Select one:

a. rugae 

b. serous

c. mucous layer

d. submucous layer

Which structure is the proximal part of the small intestine?

Select one:

a. Jejunum

b. Duodenum

c. Ileum 

d. Pylorus

Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographs? 

(1) stomach 

(2) small intestine 

(3) large intestine

Select one:

a. 1 only

b. 2 only

c. 3 only

d. 1, 2, and 3

For all projections of the esophagus, the top of the IR is positioned at:

Select one:

a. C7

b. T5

c. the level of the eyes

d. the level of the mouth 

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?

Select one:

a. AP axial

b. lateral

c. PA oblique, LAO

d. PA oblique, RAO

The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the: 
[image]

Select one:

a. left colic flexure

b. right colic flexure

c. ascending colon 

d. descending colon

External rotation of the shoulder best demonstrates the:

Select one:

a. bicipital groove

b. lesser tubercle

c. glenoid fossa

d. greater tubercle

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?

Select one:

a. inspiration

b. expiration 

c. suspended respiration

d. slow, shallow breathing

Which one of the following conditions may produce the "cobblestone" radiographic sign during a barium enema?

Select one:

a. Adenocarcinoma

b. Diverticulitis

c. Ulcerative colitis 

d. Appendicitis

Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?

Select one:

a. PA

b. PA oblique, RAO 

c. AP oblique, LPO

d. AP oblique, RPO

Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of the stomach? 

(1) fewer radiographs are required 

(2) small lesions are not obscured 

(3) the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

Preparation of the intestinal tract for examination of the colon includes: 

(1) laxatives 

(2) dietary restrictions 

(3) cleansing enemas

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The folds of peritoneum that support the abdominal organs are called the: 

(1) omenta 

(2) mesentery 

(3) pleura

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3 

d. 1, 2, and 3

A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be performed using a 10 ´ 12 inch (24 ´ 30 cm) IR. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection?

Select one:

a. the midsagittal plane

b. a sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column

c. a sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column

d. a sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen

The inner portion of the sac that covers the abdominal organs is termed the:

Select one:

a. parietal peritoneum

b. visceral peritoneum

c. parietal pleura

d. visceral pleura

Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the lateral projection of the esophagus?

Select one:

a. midcoronal plane

b. midsagittal plane

c. a coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane

d. a coronal plane 4 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane

Which BE projection does not require the colic flexures to be included in the image?

Select one:

a. AP projection, lateral decubitus position

b. Lateral projection

c. AP projection

d. PA oblique projection, RAO position

A lesion with a stalk projecting from the intestinal mucosa into the lumen is

 a:

Select one:

a. diverticulum

b. abcess

c. fistula

d. polyp

Which part of the patient's face is touching the upright bucky, or table, for a parietoacanthial projection (Waters method)?

Select one:

a. forehead

b. nose

c. chin

d. nose and chin

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?

Select one:

a. 20 degrees

b. 30 degrees

c. 20 to 30 degrees

d. 35 to 40 degrees

What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus?

Select one:

a. upright

b. recumbent

c. seated

d. Trendelenburg's

Which drug may be given to the patient before a double contrast examination of the stomach to relax the GI tract?

Select one:

a. heparin

b. glucagon

c. Demerol

d. oral chlorhydrate

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?

Select one:

a. 3 

b. 4

c. 5

d. 8

Methods of radiographically examining the colon include: 

(1) enteroclysis 

(2) single contrast 

(3) double contrast

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3 

d. 1, 2, and 3

The initial insertion of the rectal enema tip should be pointed toward the:

Select one:

a. Bladder

b. Symphysis pubis

c. Tip of the coccyx

d. Umbilicus

The central-ray angulation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine is:

Select one:

a. 10 to 20 degrees caudad

b. 30 to 40 degrees caudad

c. 10 to 20 degrees cephalad

d. 30 to 40 degrees cephalad

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal? 

(1) mouth and pharynx 

(2) stomach and intestine 

(3) liver and pancreas

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3 

d. 1, 2, and 3

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:

Select one:

a. 20 degrees

b. 30 degrees

c. 20 to 30 degrees

d. 35 to 45 degrees

Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series? 

(1) AP or PA 

(2) lateral 

(3) PA oblique

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:

Select one:

a. ileocecal valve

b. ampulla of Vater

c. pyloric valve

d. greater duodenal papilla

Which projection is used for radiographs made during defecography?

Select one:

a. AP

b. AP axial

c. lateral

Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of the esophagus? 

(1) varices are better filled 

(2) easier to swallow barium 

(3) more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part

Select one:

a. 1 and 2

b. 1 and 3 

c. 2 and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:

Select one:

a. cecum

b. ileum

c. sigmoid

d. ascending colon

At which plane is the central ray positioned for the PA oblique projections (LAO or RAO) of the large intestine?

Select one:

a. midsagittal plane

b. a longitudinal plane directly over the vertebral column

c. a longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side 

d. a longitudinal plane 4 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side

For the UGI examination with the patient recumbent, which projection best demonstrates the right retrogastric space?

Select one:

a. PA oblique projection, RAO position

b. AP projection, right lateral decubitus position

c. Right lateral projection 

d. AP oblique projection, LPO position

What is the proper sequence for filling the large intestine with barium when performing a BE?

Select one:

a. Rectum, sigmoid, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon

b. Sigmoid, rectum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon.

c. Sigmoid, rectum, descending colon, transverse colon,and ascending colon.

d. Rectum, sigmoid, descending colon, transverse colon, and ascending colon.