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VM 608 Midterm
19
Women's & Gender Studies
Professional
04/05/2012

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Cards

Term
Three Measurements
Definition
Ratio: practically of no use
Proportion: of limited use
cRate: of extreme importance and application
Term
Necessities to express a rate
Definition
Numerator
Denominator
Time period
Location
Term
General Incidence Rate
Definition
The number of new cases of a disease divided by the number at risk for the disease, over a given time period
Term
Cumulative Incidence (Risk Rate)
Definition
When the entire population at risk is observed throughout a defined time period
Term
Incidence Density
Definition
When the entire population at risk is NOT observed throughout the entire defined time period
Term
Cumulative Incidence Equation (with no adjustment for withdrawls)
Definition

number of new cases

initial number in population

Term
Cumulative Incidence Rate (with adjustment for withdrawls)
Definition

number of new cases

initial NAR- 1/2 withdrawls

Term
Exact ID
Definition

number of new cases

animal time

Term
Average ID
Definition

number of new cases

(ave.# at risk)*(ETC)

Term
Attack rate
Definition
This special form of risk rate, in which there is a limited period of risk
Term
Attack Rate Equation
Definition

number ill

number of total population in reference unit

Term
Secondary Attack RAte
Definition
This is a measure in which the numerator consists of the number of cases of a disease which occurs within the same reference unit following the occurrence of a first, or primary, case.
For diseases conferring prolonged immunity, the denominator in a secondary attack rate usually excludes animals or persons who have previously had the disease.
It is a measure of agent infectivity.
Assumption – secondary cases caught the disease from the primary cases.
Important in propagated outbreaks
Term
Secondary Attack Rate Equation
Definition

number of new cases*10

true population at risk


true population at risk= total population - primary cases

Term
Prevalence
Definition
This is not a true rate or a risk rate, but a proportion.
Prevalence rates are a measure of all (not just new) cases present at a given time in the given reference population
Term
Overall Death Rate Equation
Definition

reported deaths

mean population

Term
Factors Affecting Interpretation of Incidence and Prevalence
Definition
1. Temporal sequence
2. Disease duration
3. Relationship among incidence, prevalence, and duration of disease
4. True vs. Apparent prevalence
5. Case definition
6. Dangling numerators
7. Population at risk
8. Crude vs. adjusted rates
Term
True Prevalence Equation
Definition

apparent prevalence + specificity - 100%

sensitivity + specificity - 100%

Term
Standardized Morbidity Rate Equations
Definition

observed rate

expected rate

Term
Standardized Morbidity Ratio Comparisons
Definition
Allow for comparison between the sample population and the standard
Ratio of rates (or counts) that has been adjusted to the sample population
You cannot compare the ratios between populations
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