1. Recognize main idea
2. Identify supporting details
3. determine meaning of words or phrases in context
4. inferential comprehension skills
5. puropse
6. identify organizational patterns
7. Distinguish between fact and opinion
8. Recognize bias
9. recognize tone
10. determine relationships between sentences
11. analyze validity
12. draw logical inferences and conclusions 

• self-expressive; free flow
• expository; inform or convey
• entertaining
• persuasive

1. time-ordered sequence of events
2. simple listing of events and activities
3. definition followed by examples
4. classification of ideas from general to specific
5. cause and effect
6. compare and contrast
7. description of noun
8. sequence of process
9. spatial or order description
10. stating and defining a choice or opinion 

• Allegorical; objects, persons, or meanings are compared in meanings lying outside the narrative. meaning lies in moral, social, religious, or political significance.
• Narrative; created to reveal insights into persons, actions, or events.
• Inferential; conclusions based on avaliable information
• Spontaneous; unsensored free-flow without specific organization (whimsical in nature)
• conversational; vernacular of everyday language, controlled and constructed, with object of accessibility not objectivity. 

Modifiers

and

Misplaced modifiers

Paralell Sentences

and

Situations Common

For

Faulty Parallelism

Parallel sentences; expressed in the same way.

Common faults:

• when elements are linked by coordinating conjunctions
• ... correlative conjunctions
• when making comparisons.

Clause

Independent and Dependent

• Clause; group of words that contains a subject and verb.
• Independent - stands on its own as a main statement.
• Dependent - subordinate and begins with a subordinating conjunction, or relative pronoun, and cannot stand alone.  

Fragment

Run on Sentence

Comma Splice

and

WAYS TO CORRECT THEM!

Fragment; incomplete thought.

Run on sentence; two independent clauses joined without proper punctuation or word to separate them.

Comma Splice; run on sentence joined only with a comma.

Corrections:

• insert a peroid or semicoln between two independent clauses
• comma or connector word between two independent clauses
• make one clause subordinate to the other 

singular subject must have singular verb

plural subject must have plural verb

Tenses

Simple and Perfect

Tense; when the action of the verb took place.

Simple; present tense, past tense, future tense.

Perfect tenses; use a form of the helping verb 'to have' in their construction

• present perfect; past action that is ongoing
• past perfect; past action that occurred before a previous past action.
• future perfect; past action that will occur before a future action.

Pronoun

Antecedent

Pronoun; refers to a person, place, or thing whose identity is made clear earlier in the text.

Antecedent; noun to which a pronoun refers.

Personal Pronoun

And the three types

Personal Pronoun; specific person or thing and changes its form to indivate person, number, gender, and case.

Subjective; indivates the rponoun is acting as the subject of the sentence (I, you, he, she, it, we, you and they)

Objective; pronoun is acting as the object of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase (me, her, him, it, us, you and them)

Posessive; ownership (my, mine, your, yours, his, hers, her, its, our, ours, theirs, and whose)

Deomonstrative pronoun

points to and identifies a noun of pronoun (this, these, that, those)

express a mutual feeling or relationship between the individuals indicated in the plural subject.

each other

one another

• Case; shows function of a pronoun in a sentence
• subjecctive case
• objective case; shows object
• possessive case; shows possession.

period

question

exclamation

• separate three or more words or phrases in a series
• separate a date from its year
• separate a daye and year from the rest of a sentence
• separate a city and its state from the rest of the sentence
• set of most introductiroy elements
• separate two main clauses joined by a connector word
• set off an introductory subordinate clause.
• set off an introductory participal phrase
• seoarate nonrestrictive elements from the rest of a sentence
• set off a direct quotation.

use of semicolons

• between two independent clasuses when no other connector word is used
• between two independent clauses linked by a transitional word or phrase
• separate three or more items in a series that already contains commas.

• alter the reader to pay attention to what follows.
• punctuate time
• the salutation of a business letter 

• stand for a missing letter or letter in a contraction
• show posession
• to form the plural of words, letters, and numbers uesd as words.

Capitalize

• first word of a sentence
• proper noun
• adjectives derived from proper nounds
• titles when thy precede a proper name

Do NOT Capitalize

• Comkmon names or adjectives used in place of proper nouns or adjectives
• compass directions
• names of the season (unless a title)
• Titles that do not precede a proper name
• relationships proceded by a posessive and are not used as part of a proper name (Uncle Joe; My uncle) 

Adjectives

Adverbs

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs

Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns