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Real Estate Feasibility Final- 16
16-Financing Project Development
44
Real Estate & Planning
Undergraduate 4
12/02/2009

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Cards

Term
Project Development
Definition
the process of financing the acquisition of a tract of land with the intent of constructing a building, leasing, managing, and eventually selling the completed project.
Term
The Permitting process begins with ...
Definition
identifying the site, its location, and a preliminary design of the improvements to be constructed...this will determine whether the project is in compliance with the zoning class
Term
When a project is denied in the permitting stages, what is the usual process? x
Definition

 

  1. applicant will clarify or amend the application and ask for it to be reviewed again
  2. If denied again, they have a right to a hearing before the zoning/planning sub committee...a recommendation is made
  3. If still denied after negotiations...a hearing before all of city council is granted and either
    1. Approved
    2. Deny and remand back to the planning staff
    3. Deny with prejudice

 

Term
Checklist a developer reviews when evaluating a site for possible development.
Definition

  1. Allowable uses for zoning classes
  2. Minimum lot size per zoning classification
  3. Maximum FAR
  4. Building bulk/density limits
  5. Setback/building line
  6. Building height limits
  7. Building footprint/envelope
  8. Parking ratios

Term
Setback/building line
Definition
requirement to construct building a specified number of feet from the right-a-way line or other landmark.
Term
Right-of-way line
Definition
area designated for a public street or alley that is dedicated to traffic, public use, utilities, etc.
Term
Footprint
Definition
the space included within the perimeter of a slab, wall, or exterior of a structure.
Term
Envelope
Definition
the total outside perimeter of a structure, including footprints and any exterior patios, mallways, landscaping, etc.
Term
Facade
Definition
the exterior, usually the main entrance of a structure 
Term
Bulk
Definition
a 3D space within which height, width, footprint, and number of structures/elevations/shapes are viewed in total relative to the land area upon which it will sit to determine land use intensity.
Term
Permit x
Definition
document executed by the director of planning authorizing the construction, restoration, alteration, repair etc. of a structure and acknowledging that it conforms to requirements under the applicable zoning ordinance
Term
Floor-to-area- ratio (FAR)
Definition
important tool used by city planners to control size and activity desired within a geographic area. Usually calculated as gross building area divided by square footage of land area.
Term
Incentive Zoning
Definition
to accomplish community goals simultaneously with private sector development. ex. the public sector granting a developer additional FAR/Density etc. if the developer includes affordables
Term
Inclusionary Zoning
Definition
requires that a specified type of development be included in order to obtain a permit for that site
Term
Minimum Lot Sizes
Definition

  • light industrial-no minimum
  • medium industrial-5 acres
  • heavy industrial-10 acres
  • single rez-1/4 acre
  • multifamily-20 units to the acre

Term
Site Plans
Definition
drawing done to scale depicting the placement relative to right-of-way lines and setbacks of structures, circulation, parking, buffers, major landscaping, etc. on a site
Term
Elevations/renderings
Definition
may first be conceptual, then working, then final drawings of the improvements to be constructed.
Term
Traffic counts
Definition
number of vehicle trips per hour past a specific site
Term
Property tax abatements
Definition
forgiveness of taxes for a specified number of years, which is used by city planners to attract development to certain locations.
Term
Special sales tax districts
Definition
special sales tax imposed on retail activities in an area which is dedicated to be used to finance public improvements in that area, or dedicated to pay interest on public bonds issued to construct facilities in the affected district
Term
Land-to-value ratio
Definition
a dollar value of land to project value anticipated upon completion.
Term
 Buffer/berm
Definition
construction of landscape/slope required to shield or block access, view, or noise from an adjacent property which may be a very different or non-conforming use
Term
Density transfer or transfer of development rights (TDR)
Definition
allowed in some jurisdictions whereby one property owner can sell/transfer to another all or part of the development rights for his property, including gallowable building height, density, and FAR, allowed under current zoning.
Term
Cumulative zoning
Definition
automatically allow lower density development than the maximum allowed under current zoning
Term
Stacking plan
Definition
a floor-by-floor template or layout used to diagram how much space will be available for lease per floor in a building and to track the location and quantity of space currently leased to tenants.
Term
Build to suit
Definition
An arrangement whereby a landowner offers to pay for construction on his or her land of a building specified by a potential tenant, and then to lease land and building to the tenant.
Term
Seasoned Property
Definition
When a project is "leased up" and performing well
Term
Construction/interim loan
Definition

loan for the cost of constructing improvements...based on a combination of

  1. the appraised value expected upon completion
  2. the hard costs
  3. the soft costs

Term
gap financing
Definition
the gap between any partial funding advanced by the perm lender and the funds needed to repay the construction lender will be provided by a gap lender
Term
Monthly draw method
Definition
developer requests a draw each month based on the work completed during the preceding month
Term
triparty buy-sell agreement
Definition

  1. The perm lender agrees to buy the construction loan on completion
  2. the two lenders agree about their duties and responsibilities

Term
Typical process of a developer..
Definition

  1. acquire
  2. develop the site and construct improvements
  3. provide finish-out and readies the space
  4. manages after completion
  5. may eventually sell

Term
Three general strategies of a developer
Definition

  1. intent of owning and managing
  2. sell after lease up
  3. develop land and buildings for lease in a master planned development

Term
The construction loan is generally based on
Definition

  1. the appraised value expected on completion
  2. the hard costs
  3. the soft costs

Term
Three general loan structures...
Definition

  1. Sold upon completion and lease-up to investors who want to own real estate but do not want to bear the risk of development....short term financing
  2. Retain ownership and manage as integral part of business...longer term financing...usually construction and perm
  3. May sale or refi upon completion...may have short term financing with an option/commitment to extend financing for 1 or 2 years

Term
When a permanent lender makes a take out commitment....that lender x
Definition
literally is taking out the construction lender and releasing that lender from any further lending responsibility
Term
When will the permanent lender provide funds to pay the interim loan?
Definition
when contingencies are met
Term
What happens if the permanent lender does not accept commitment due to contingencies not being met?
Definition

  1. seek another perm loan
  2. interim continue to finance
  3. foreclosure

Term
Standby commitments are used when.. x
Definition

 

  1. when the developer cannot or does not want to pay fees to obtain a perm
  2. the borrower expects to find a perm loan elsewhere after construction for better terms
  3. the developer is planning to sell the project upon completion 

 

Term
What are the sources of risk associated with project development?
Definition
Sources of risk associated with project development include market risks and project risks.  Market risks are the result of unexpected changes in general market conditions affecting the supply and demand for space.  Project risks are the result of choosing a specific location to develop a property and the design of the project.
Term
Describe the process of financing the construction and operation of a typical real estate development.  Indicate the order in which lenders who fund project development financing are sought and why this pattern is followed.
Definition

In general, developers must first line up permanent (long-term) financing that will be used once the project is              complete and being operated with tenants before they can get a construction loan.  It is necessary that the construction loan is repaid when the permanent loan takes over.

Term

 

What contingencies are commonly found in permanent or take-out loan commitments?  Why are they used?  What   happens if they are not met by the developer? x

 

Definition

 

Contingencies commonly found in permanent or take-out loan commitments include: 

1) a maximum amount of time to obtain a construction loan commitment

2) a date for completion of construction,

3) minimum rent-up (leasing) requirements and an approval of major leases

4) an expiration date of the permanent loan commitment and any provisions for extensions, and

5) an approval by the permanent lender of design changes and substitution of any building materials. 

 

Term
A presale agreement is said to be equivalent to a take-out commitment.  What will the construction lender be concerned about if the developer plans to use such an agreement in lieu of a take-out?
Definition
A presale agreement differs from a take-out commitment in that proceeds from the sale of a property are used to repay the construction loan rather than the permanent loan.  The construction lender must be sure that the  agreement requires the buyer to purchase the property at an amount that is sufficient enough to pay off the construction loan and that there will be no contingencies in the agreement that allow the purchaser to cancel the         agreement.
Term
What is the difference between the assignment of a take-out commitment to the construction lender and a triparty   agreement?  If neither device is used in project financing, what is the relationship between lenders in such a case? x
Definition

 

The tri-party buy-sell agreement goes beyond the assignment of the take-out commitment and provides that the permanent lender will notify the interim lender that the take-out commitment is in full effect, that the permanent lender will indicate whether all necessary plans and documents have been reviewed and approved prior to closing the construction loan, and that the permanent lender will provide the construction lender with notice of any violations in the terms of the loan commitment by the developer and the time available to cure such a violation.

In the absence of either assignment of the take-out commitment or a triparty buy-sell agreement, the construction lender has no way to force the developer to close on the permanent loan and repay the construction loan.

 

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