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| John Wycliffe produces clandestine English translation of the Bible; beginning of Lollard movement in England. |
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| Council of Constance convenes to end Papal Schism; Czech reformer Jan Huss is burned at the stake after being promised free conduct to attend the Council. |
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| Martin Luther posts his "95 Theses" protesting the sale of indulgences and challenging other points of church and doctrine practice. |
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| Council of Trent meets in three sessions to reform the Catholic Church in response to Protestant movement. |
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| Pope Paul III confirms the founding of the S.J. four years earlier by Ignatius Loyola and companions. |
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| St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre at the nuptials of Henry of Navarre and Marguerite of Valois. |
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| John Calvin directs the Protestant reform movement in Geneva, where he establishes a Consistory to supervise government. Michael Servetus is put to death for his anti-Trinitarian opinions. |
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| Savonarola leader in Florence; directs his "bonfires of the vanities" |
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| Munster Rebellion; St. Thomas More imprisoned and executed for refusing to affirm Henry VIII's separation from Rome. |
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| James rebuffs Puritan clergy submitting the Millenary Petition with "no bishop, no king;" two years later Guy Fawkes' Gunpowder Plot is exposed and thwarted. |
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| Archbishop William Laud executed under bill of attainder. |
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| Act of Toleration passed by Parliament, allowing freedom of worship to all non-Roman Catholic Christians in England, but placing limitations on opportunity of the Non-conformists or Dissenters to hold political office. |
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