synagogue

Judaism place of worship

any large room where Torahs are kept

vestibule in basilica synagogues

entrance room before church

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smaller dioceses headed by priests

local church

a bishop's church

"chair"/"bishop's throne"

religous ceremony/mass

Bible studied in chunks

Mass/Holy Communion

ceremonies based off past 'events'

wing crossing the nave in front of apse

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barrel-vaulted passageway

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main body of church

processional core

triangular curving vault section

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parchment

screen that Mass takes place behind

wall decorated with icons

"duke"

Venice's ruler

Jewish day of rest

remember creation of heavens and earth in six days and the Exodus of the Hebrews

No work

before sunset on Friday until appearance of 3 stars in sky on Sat night

lighting candles and reciting blessing

3 festive meals

Jewish holiday

national day of Israel celebrating 1948 independence

5th of Iyar according to Hebrew calendar

Jewish holiday

Holocaust remembrance day

Yom Kippur

Jewish holiday

day of atonement

holiest day of year

day of fasting and prayer

Jewish holiday

festival of lights/ feast of dedication

eight days

celebrates rededication of the Holy/Second Temple in Jerusalem

November or December

candelabra- nine branched menorah

Jewish New Year

feast of the lord/feast of trumpets

2 days

anniversary of creation of adam and eve

sound a shofar (hollowed-out ram's horn) and eat symbolic food

David Battling Goliath

Early Byzantine

Wall with Torah NIche, Syria

Jewish

Mosaic floor of the Beth Alpha synagogue

jewish

The Good Shepherd

Early Christian

Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome

ea christ

longitudinal plan

Church of Santa Sabina, Rome

ea christ

brick, plain exterior

Church of Santa Sabina, Rome

ea christ

marble veneer interior

corinthian spolia columns from pagan building

Plan and Section of Curch of Santa Costanza, Rome

ea christ

central plan

dome symbolizing vault of heaven

Church of Santa Costanza, Rome

ea christ

Church of Santa Costanza, Rome

ea christ

mausoluem of constantina until church

ambulatory encircling tall rotunda

marble veneer and mosaics

Harvesting of Grapes, Santa Costanza, Rome

ea christ

mosaic in ambulatory vault

bust portrait of constantina surrounded by grape vines, putti and birds

trampling grapes= death and resurrection

Oratory of Galla Placidia, Ravenna

ea christ

oratory attatched to narthex of church

cruciform

plain exterior, exquisite mosaic interior

Oratory of Galla Placidia, Ravenna

ea christ

Good Shepherd, Galla Placidia, Rabenna

ea christ

lunette over entrance

jesus as young adult wearing royal robes

paganish

sheep rep christians

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, Vatican

ea christ

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

ea byzantine

architects; anthemius and isoidorus

"Holy Wisdom"

commissioned by Justinian and Theodora

rep imperial power and chrstian glory

longitudinal and central plan

Plan of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

ea byzan

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

ea byzan

church to mosque to museum

pendentives

Section of Hagia Sophia, Istanbul

ea byzan

Plan and Cutaway drawing, CHurch of San Vitale, Ravenna

ea byzantine

Church of San Vitale, Ravenna

ea byzantine

Church of San Vitale, Ravenna

ea byzan

Emperor Justinian and His Attendants, San Vitale

E Byzantine

haloed justinian with royal outfit

golden paten to donate to san vitale

jeweled cross and other symbols

Empress Theodora and her Attendants, San VItale

ea byzan

pearls protectfrom disease

golden chalice as offer to christ

overlapping

Transfiguration of Christ, Church of Sant'Apollinare

ea byzan

St Apollinare was first bishop of ravenna

mosaic in apse

disciples rep by sheep

Church of Sant'Apollinare, Classe

ea byzan

Church of Sant'Apollinare, Classe

ea byzan

Crucifixion and Iconoclasts, Chuldov Psalter

Ea byzan

Cathedral of Santa Sophia, Kiev

mid byzan

commission by grand prince yaroslav

russian orthodox

Christ Pantokrator, Church of Dormition, Daphni

mid byzan

Crucifixion, Church of Dormition, Daphni

mid byzan

emotional

flowers=new life

virgin mary and apostle john

blood and water= eucharist and baptismal

Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice

mid byzan

Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice

mid byzan

greek cross plan

marble veneer and golden mosaics

Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice

mid byzan

Virgin of Vladmir

mid byzan

constantinople

to inspire prayer

Harbaville Triptych

mid byzan

mary and john interceed for creator

apostles underneath

Church of Monastery of Christ in Chora, Anastasis

late byzan

matthew angel

mark lion

luke ox

john eagle

domed greek cross

greek cross dome over square plan

quincunx over sq plan

expanded quincunx

monotheistic; near east; written records of god's will and words

judaism= await savior, old testament

christianity= jesus, bible

islam= muhammad, qur'an

j/c= roman empire

j=hebrew

i=arabic

prophet led hebrews out of egypt slavery

10 commandments

origin of hebrews

god promised abraham would be homeland

set order of new testament

translated bible from greek to latin

narratives tell stories

icons are figures representing ideas and values

freedom of religion within roman empire

christians able to expand, alter and study religion openly

churches to gather

allowed religious images to be produces

Incarnation (annunciation, nativity, flight to egypt)

Ministry (baptism, lazarus, transfiguration, tribute $)

Passion (jerusalem, last supper, betrayal, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension)

early byzantine

power, wealth and cultural peak

commissioned spectacular art and arch (Hagia Sophia, San Vitale mosaics and propaganda)

early byzantine

bishop of ravenna

commissioned church of san vitale inravenna and church of sant'apollinare in classe

feared could lead to idolatry 

distract worshippers

blamed weakening of Byzantine empire on god's displeasure of idols

conventions of middle byzantine church architecture

and

example

multiplicity of geometric forms, verticality and rich decorations

monastery of hosios loukas

worship of an idol

wrong bc only worship to god directly, or polytheism

no saints or prophets

religious and social site of islam

place of prostration

vertical elements of knotted carpet

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horizontal weaving strands of knotted carpet

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niche in the qibla wall

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high platform or pulpit in a mosque

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islamic prayer leader

small niche-like features in arches of islamic arch

large vaulted halls with monumental arched openings

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The Kaaba, Mecca

early islamic

Haram Al-Sharif (Dome of the Rock), Jerusalem

ea islam

site of 1st and 2nd jewish temples

Haram Al-Sharif (Dome of the ROck), Jerusalem

ea islam

TheGreat Mosque, Kairouan

ea islam

Prayer Hall, Great Mosque, Cordoba, Spain

ea islam

Mamluk Glass Oil Lamp

late islamic

Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Spain

late islam

Bowl with Kufic Border, Khurasan

late islam

Macy Jug, Iran

late islam

WHAT ARCHITECT

[image]

Mosque of Sultan Selim, Edirne

Sinan

Ottoman

Illuminated Tugra of Sultan Suleyman, Istanbul

Ottoman

al-Amin is prophet muhammad

recieved revelations in desert outside mecca

later fled to medina with followers and his house became first mosque

then took mecca as islamic capital

textile-draped cube shrine in Meca

built for god by abraham

emptied of pagan idols and dedicated to god by muhammad

all islamic prayer directed towards

hajj destination

non-figural ornaments

geometric designs and arabesques

rich, plentiful designs

shiites= followers of 4th caliph, ali believe only rightful successor

sunnis= believe all caliphs are rightly guided

1st great islamic monument

islam's 3rd holiest site

"Night Journey" where muhammad ascended to prescence of god

site of 1st and 2nd jewish temples

site of adams creation

where abraham alsmost sacrificed son isaac

only one god and muhammad is prophet

pray 5 times a day toward mecca

voluntary alms

fast during ramadan

hajj to mecca

umayyad royalty fled to spain after dynasty's collapse

previously site of christian church

spolia

double archesincrease space and circulate air

white and red brick

Ottoman

safavid

mughal in INDIA

religious moral law

type of rock cut hall

"sanctuary"

type of rock cut hall

monks cells and common areas in monastic complexes

Ashokan Pillar

Maurya

Torso of a Priest-King

Indus valley

Female Figure Holding a Fly Whisk

Maurya

Lion Capital

Maurya

Great Stupa, Sanchi

Andhra

East torana, Great stupa, Sanchi

Andhra

Yakshi Bracket Figure, East torana, Great stupa, Sanchi

Andhra

Standing Buddha, Pakistan

Kushan

Buddha and attendants, India

Kushan

Siddhartha in the Palace, India

later andhra

Vishnu on the Cosmic Waters, Deogarh

Gupta

Buddha Maitreya

thailand-prakhon chai

Borobudor, Java

indonesia

Chaitya Hall, Karle, India

andhra

Eternal shiva

post-gupta

Angkor Wat, Cambodia

12th century

earliest

paki and india

2600-1900 bce

small seals like mesopotamia

mohenjo daro

high tech and engineering skills

terra cotta figurines

vedas

fire sacrifice

caste system

sanskrit

upanishads (atman&brahman)

epic lit

buddhism and jainism

vedic evolved into hinduism

powerful dynasty

dharma

buddhism expanded

ashokan pillars

regional dynasties

shungas in c india

andhras in c then s india

stupas

buddhist rock cut halls

kushans originally chinese nomads

mahayana buddhism

1st depictions of buddha

gandhara mathura and se indian styles

good

dreamed world into existence

wheel and conch

creative and destructive

linga

dance

riches and fertility

great goddess

female genitals

wisdom

four heads

visual abudance= generocity of gods

persuasive symbolism=intellectual and emotional layers

vibrant= world infused with divine and show inner spirits

plan of stupas

diagram of cosmos

gandhara= powerful superhuman and heavy robe with strong folds

mathura= peaceful and light robe so almost nude

not princely, loose hair and little clothing

lithe and youthful

4 arms

Taj mahal, Agra, India

mughal

shah jahan

mausoleum for favorite wife

Bodhisattva avalokiteshvara

pala

bodhisattva of greatest compassion

3rd eye rep ability to see in miraculous ways

Birth of mahavira

jainism

on paper rather than jain usual palm leaf

Maya, Mother of Buddha, Holding a tree branch

tantric

Akbar inspecting construction of fatehpur sikri

mughal

Prince Khurram, Future Shah Jahan age 25, Minto album

mughal

Krishna and the gopis

mughal

hindu

Hour of cowdust

mughal

kangra school

yellow garment

India Gate, New delhi

sir edwin lutyens

brit colonial

Dharma and the god, Manjit bawa

modern indian

mahavira

worthy of rebirth in heaven of pathfinders through purification

monks live complete austerity

Babur

Akbar

Jahangir (Akbar's son)

Shah Jahan (Jahangir's son)

Rajput painting was more abstract than mughals 

bhakri movement inspire poetic literature devoted to krishna, human incarnation of vishnu

from gita govinda, rhapsodic poems about love between god and humans shown through krishna and radha

radha's jealousy shown by blue background

red behind krishna = passion

curving, bold vines and trees = exuberance of spring and emotional tension

This type of figure is know as a....

[image]

This elaborate mosaic is found inside which church?

[image]

Church of San Vitale, Ravenna

ea byzantine