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• First octet- describing Laura's beauty in youth
• "to toy and tangle and molest"- progression from playful to extreme
• Second sestet- describes her age and leaving |
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• Called "Prince of Poets"
• Wrote verse of epics, satires, political commentaries, and sonnets
• Loved Cassandre
• Franciade- his patriotic epic about France
• Sonnets pour Helene- last major sequence of love poems |
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• 366 poems dedicated to beloved Laura
• Unrequited love
• Divided into 2 parts- Laura in life & Laura in death
• "Petrarchan" scenario- where lovers' relationship is never fully realized |
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• Greatest Italian poet of the 14th century
• Completed two major Italian works, the Triumphs and Canzoniere
• Wrote in Italian vernacular rather than Latin |
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• Fourteen line poem focused on single theme
• Divided into 8 line octave followed by 6 line sestet
• Octave has rhyme scheme abba
• Sestet has rhyme scheme cdecde, cdcdcd, or cdedce
• Octave often poses question or makes a statement that is then brought to closure in the sestet |
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• descriptive language that re-creates sensory experience
• ex.- Ronsard uses rose to describe his young beloved |
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• 12 lines divided into three quatrains (4 lines)
• theme/problem is established in abab cdcd efef rhyme scheme
• resolved in final couplet rhyme scheme gg
• 14 lines total |
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• allegory- extended metaphor
• miser simile- sweetens with that delight his bitterness
• doe is beautiful, pure, and untouchable (like Laura)
• doe disappears from sight at end (like Laura in death) |
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• Describes love as a rose that dies early
• Her death is mourned in the sestet
Theme is love is never satisfied |
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The Decameron
by Giovanni Boccaccio |
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• "Plague" as symbol for the condition and direction of society in the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance
• Literature as medicine for the plague
• Beauty, pleasure, love, laughter and play as privileged values of the stories; carpe diem ethos of the work
• Frequent featuring of mixing of people from different social levels and classes; portrayal of a changing and more egalitarian society; merit based on actions and character rather than birth or inherited wealth
• wrote the Decameron to share the harrowing experience of escaping an outbreak of bubonic plague
• Explores deeply human themes of love, loss, deception, fortune, and more |
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• a short prose tale
• Decameron is group of one hundred novellas (ten people telling ten stories for ten days with one person a day)
• has a setting
• well-developed characters
• a theme or message about life
• a plot that includes the main events, conflicts, a climax or turning point in the story, & a final resolution |
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Federigo's Falcon
by Giovanni Boccaccio |
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• Federigo is man who was once rich but squandered his money on trying to impress Mona
• falls into poverty
• Mona's husband dies and gives his money to she and her son
• Her son falls ill and what would make him feel better is Federigo's prized falcon
• Mona goes to ask for falcon, but Federigo cooks him to impress Mona once again
• Mona asks for the falcon, he cries while relaying what happened
• Her son dies
• Mona is young and rich
• caves into family pressure to stop being a widow and remarry
• Marries poor but generous and full of merit Federigo |
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| dignified; polite; elegant |
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• Follows the theme of Carpe Diem (seize the day)
• Ronsard is saying take advantage that she is his muse while he is alive |
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| courteous regard or repsect |
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Don Quixote
by Migeul de Cervantes Saavedra |
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• Dreamer that had ideals, aspirations, and hopes
• Not a knight image
• Losing himself in books & eventually goes mad from one
• Sets off on a journey with a squire
• Salcha Panza accompanies him on journey- symbolizes realism but still has Quixote’s hopes
• Goes because wants riches and wants to be island governor
• Leaves behind an entire family because of crafts materialism that drives him to go with Don Quixote
• Both somewhat dimwitted
• Appetites are different- Salcha Panza is pig while Don Quixote is powered by dreams
• “Tilting the windmill”- fighting an imaginary enemy; alluding to Don Quixote, who attacks a windmill thinking it is a giant
• Made a lady with whom to be enamored with Aldonza Lorenzo or Dulcinea del Toboso
• Had a blemished horse named Rocinante and made his own armor (sword out of oak branches and a helmet out of cardboard) |
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| structure or makeup of a person or thing |
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| foolish or shallow feelings of affection |
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| cleverness; inventiveness |
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| inconsistent; lacking in harmony |
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| distinguished or outstanding |
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| not affected by, or unable to be damaged |
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| open honesty and frankness |
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| person of very great ability |
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| mercy toward an enemy or offender |
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• A novel of satire, irony, sarcasm, and hyperbole
• Candide was born to family of baron Thunder-ten-tronckh (mocking ugly German name)
• Mocking Westphalia with door and windows, and tapestry
• Making fun using ridiculous rationale- Baroness is 350 pounds and is respected since food after black plague is rare
• A dig to the son in saying he was in every respect his father
• Pangloss was tutor- taught a bunch of hooey (meta-physa…)
• No logic in spectacles worn on noses -faulty logic
• Experimental physics- getting it on with tutor and maid
• Cundegone (daughter of baron) watched and learned and experimented it with Candide
• Cundegone portrayed as dumb- Candide has negative viewpoint of women
• Candide is five feet tall, must be a soldier (of about 300 lb)
• Mocking military by harsh treatment and trickery in induction and harsh punishment after
• King of bulgars- vast genius- dripping sarcasm; doesn’t even know what metaphysician means (not ignorant in worldly matters); pardoned him for press not kindness
• Irony- candide is healed so he could go back to war |
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• Humorous imitation of another, usually serious, work
• uses exaggeration or distortion to ridicule the work, its style, or its author
• Don Quixote (ex.) is a parody of stories of knights and chivalry
• Has a theme or central message prompting readers to ask "at what point do flights of fancy interfere with reality" and "is a life of hard-nosed realism more rewarding than a life filled with fantastic adventures?" |
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• Writing that uses humor to expose and ridicule human foolishness
• Take aim at individuals, institutions, types of behavior, or humanity in general, but the ultimate goal is to inspire positive change
• Candide prompts readers to question conditions of their lives by calling attention to social injustices such as political corruption
• Include exaggeration, understatement, and faulty logic |
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Dramatization of a simple lesson or principle or behavior; most include
• creatures- animals or inanimate objects- who speak and interact as though human
• a clearly worded moral at either beginning or end
• A single compressed episode
• an implied frailty of character that is often the subject of satire
• Personification- a non human subject is given human characteristics |
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Fontaine's Fables
by Jean de La Fontaine |
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• Way of telling story in didactic manner without slapping over head
• 238 fables by Fontaine; so popular that schoolchildren memorize them and French language is filled with his aphorisms
• His fables address human idiosyncrasies, such as cowardice, curiosity, malice, greed, & laziness |
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The Oak & the Reed
by Fontaine |
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• Oak tree is proud, superior, patronizing to the reed
• Rigidity of tree, not strength, leads to destruction, in that he is unready for any powerful comings
• Human frailty is the moral; endurance leads to strength |
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The Fox & the Crow
by Fontaine |
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• Fox uses flattery against crow saying crow’s voice is beautiful to get the cheese
• Flatterers are always after something
• Addressing man’s vanity and frailty |
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