Term
| What Diuretics contain Sulfur |
|
Definition
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Term
What are the common Thiazides?
Their route of administration?
Half-life?
What is the mechanism of the thiazides?
What are the adverse effects? |
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Definition
Hydrochlorothiazide: PO, IM, IV; 6hrs
Chlorothiazide: PO, 12hrs
Chlorthalidone: PO, 24hrs
Mechanism
Block Na/Cl
Ca absorption
Block Mg absorption
Block Uric acid secretion
Long term vasodiatator
Adverse
Fatigue
Hypokalemia
Gout
Hyperglycemia
Hypercalcemia-> Stones, Pancreatitis |
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Term
What are the common Loop Diuretics, their route of administration and their half lives?
What is their mechanism?
What are the adverse effects?
Which has the least ammount of sulfur? |
|
Definition
Furosemide, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic Acid: PO-15 minutes onset with 1 or 2 hr duration, IV-1or 2 minutes
Mech: Block Na/K/Cl triport
Adverse
Hypokalemia
Fatigue
Pancreatitis
Hyperglycemia
Gout: milder than Thiazides
Loss of HEARING esp with Ethacrynic Acid
Least Sulfur: Ethacrynic acid |
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Term
| What is the site and mechanism of action of the Potassium Sparing Diuretics |
|
Definition
Spironolactone: Aldosterone Antagonist
Triamterene, Amiloride: Unknown |
|
|
Term
| What are the kinetics of spironolactone |
|
Definition
| P450 to Canrenone (may be the Active form) |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of K-sparing Diuretics |
|
Definition
Spironolactone: CHF
Triamterene, Amiloride: with a non-K-Sparing diuretic |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of K-Sparing Diuretics |
|
Definition
Spironolactone:
Alopecia
Gynecomastia
Hyperkalemia
Triamterene, Amiloride: Serious Hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
| How would you discern what diuretic a person was on from Blood electrolytes |
|
Definition
Thiazide: Increased Calcium
Loop Diuretics: Decreased Calcium
K-Sparing: Increased Potassium |
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Term
| When is mannitol used and how is it administered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood marker can be a good indicator of Dehydration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Acetazolamide Administered and what is its mechanism of action? |
|
Definition
PO, IV
Blocks Carbonic Anhydrase in PCT |
|
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Term
| What is Acetazolamide used for and what are the adverse effects? |
|
Definition
Glaucoma
Adverse: Metabolic Acidosis, Stones, Hypokalemia |
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