Term
| What type of epithelium are the proximal convoluted tubules and proximal straight tubules? |
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Definition
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Term
| what tubules have simple squamous? |
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Definition
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Term
| what tubules have a brush border? and what is that? |
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Definition
| proximal tubules, microvilli |
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Term
| In the cat, the proximal convoluted tubules have what? |
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Definition
| lipid droplets and give kidney a yellowish appearance |
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Term
| In the dog kidney, lipid droplets are present where? |
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Definition
in the proximal straight tubules (in medullary rays),
pale striations in cortex |
|
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Term
| compare DST & DCT with PCT & PST. |
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Definition
| both have cuboidal epithelium, but PCT & PST have brush borders and indistinct borders in lumen |
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Term
| Why might you see more PCT on a slide of the cortical labyrinth than DCT? |
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Definition
b/c they are longer
PCT dominates |
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Term
| what tubules are present in the medullary rays and what tubule dominates? |
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Definition
PST, DST, CT
it is a mix, no tubule dominates |
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Term
What types of cells will you find in collecting ducts?
what is the difference of these cells in ungulates vs carnivores? |
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Definition
cuboidal, principal cells (lighter stained), intercalated cells (darker stain)
in ungulates, some cells protude while carnivore cell heights are pretty similar |
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Term
| the juxtaglomerular cells are modified cells of ___________? and what do they do? |
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Definition
| modified smooth muscle of afferent arteriole and they secrete renin |
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Term
Where is connective tissue concentrated in the kidney?
what does it contribute to? |
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Definition
sparse in cortex and increases in quantity towards inner medulla
contributes to concentration of urine and structural integrity |
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Term
| renal pelvis is the expanded end of the ________ except in what species? |
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Definition
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Term
| Kidneys and ureter are ____________ (in relation to the peritoneum) |
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Definition
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Term
| the ureter passes through which two structures before entering bladder |
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Definition
peritoneal folds (associated with deferens tracts and uterine horns)
lateral ligaments of bladder |
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Term
| describe how ureters enter bladder |
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Definition
dorsal near neck (caudal) at ureteric orifices at oblique angle,
sometimes in dogs/cats make u-turn before entering (when full) |
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Term
| the oblique entry of ureters is important for? |
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Definition
the pressure of the distending bladder will close the uretic orifices preventing vesicoureteral reflex (flow or urine from bladder back into ureters)
this backflow can cause bacterial or pressure to flow back into kidneys
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Term
| What happens to the bladder in a "blocked cat"? |
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Definition
| the urine continues to flow into bladder due to peristalsis, bladder will increasingly distend until it ruptures (will not backflow) |
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Term
| what is the inner lining of the bladder made of? (grossly) what is the difference between full and empty bladder of the two? |
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Definition
smooth mucosa
folded in empty
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Term
| the two ridges in interior of the bladder converge to to form ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| in between the two ridges of the interior bladder is what structure (never has folds) |
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Definition
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Term
explain the difference of left and right kidney placement in a
A dog
B Pig
C Ruminant
D cat |
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Definition
A right more cranial (lies in lobe of liver), left is somewhat pendulous
B right more cranial (pole not in liver)
C both kidneys on right side (stomach pushed pendulous left kidney over)
D pendulous left kidney and total surface is covered by peritoneum (its mobile) |
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Term
| What % of the cardiac output supplies kidneys? |
|
Definition
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Term
how can you differentiate
between left and right kidney in a horse? |
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Definition
| right is more heart shaped |
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Term
| the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney T or F |
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Definition
| F nephrons + collecting ducts |
|
|
Term
| what tubules make up loop of henle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the path of the glomerular filtration in renal corpuscle? |
|
Definition
plasma in capillaries
--> endothelial pores
-->glomerular basement membrane
--> filtration silts (between podocytes)
-->glomerular filtrate in urinary space |
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|
Term
the junction of medulla with cortex can be marked by what type of arteries?
which are a branch of what arteries? |
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Definition
arcuate arteries
they branch from interlobar arteries |
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Term
| the urine passes through calyces via opening of the tips of papillae known as _______________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what do the vasa recti supply? |
|
Definition
| peri-tubular capillary networks in the medulla |
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Term
| Describe the motor innervation of the bladder |
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Definition
somatic (voluntary) is via the pudendal nerve when stimulated contracts the urethral muscle
autonomic (involuntary)
sympathetic via hypogastric nerve when stimulated relaxes detrusor muscle
parasympathetic via pelvic nerves which contract detrusor and muscle bundles/loops in bladder neck |
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Term
during retention of urine, what happens to the
A stretch receptors
B detrusor muscle of the bladder
C striated urethral muscle
(also mention NS throughout) |
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Definition
A gradually stimulated as bladder fills
B detrusor relaxes
(stimulation of sympathetic input)
C Striated urethral muscles contract
(by stimulation via pudendal nerve) |
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|
Term
during voiding of urine, what happens to the
A stretch receptors
B detrusor muscle of the bladder
C strated urethral muscle
(also mention NS throughout) |
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Definition
A Stimulation reaches threshold
B detrusor contracts
(stimulation of parasympathetic)
C Striated urethral muscle relaxes
(inhibition of pudendal nerve) |
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Term
| which nerve allows for control of voiding of the bladder |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the main difference between male and female dogs of the external urethra orifice? |
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Definition
males- tip of the penis, is actually external to the body
females-internal, opens into vagina |
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